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81.
Amemiya Takashi Denou Masato Enomoto Hiroshi Ito Takuya Kaibe Kenji Sawada Naomi Tomari Miyuki Matsumura Yukihiko 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51060-51071
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There is an abundance of woody biomass in Japan. However, its economic feasibility is limited. There have been several discussions on whether... 相似文献
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83.
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potent carcinogen that yields a cancer risk of 10−6 at concentrations as low as 0.7 ng L−1. Tentative guideline values are set at 3 ng L−1 in California, USA; 9 ng L−1 in Ontario, Canada; 40 ng L−1 nationwide in Canada; and 100 ng L−1 by the World Health Organization. NDMA is a great concern in treating reclaimed water as well as drinking water. UV degradation can be considered effective degradation method. A 1-log reduction of NDMA is achieved by 1000 mJ cm−2 of a 254-nm low pressure (LP) mercury UV lamp. However, a higher degradation efficiency than that provided by LP lamps is desired in practical treatment. In this study, the effects of wavelength and water quality were investigated to achieve higher degradation efficiency. The effects of wavelength were examined by comparing three UV lamps: a 222-nm Kr Cl Excimer UV lamp, a 254-nm LP mercury UV lamp, and a 230- to 270-nm filtered medium pressure (FMP) mercury UV lamp. The 222-nm lamp and FMP lamp achieved 4 times and 2.8 times higher degradation efficiency, respectively, than the conventional 254-nm LP lamp. Effects on water quality were also simulated by using absorption spectrum data of nitrate solutions and process water from a drinking-water treatment plant. In the simulation, the 222-nm lamp was affected by UV-absorbing compounds in the water, whereas the FMP lamp showed more stable degradation efficiency. Appropriate use of these three types of lamps could enhance the efficiency of degradation of NDMA. 相似文献
84.
Tomohiro Kuwae Jota Kanda Atsushi Kubo Fumiyuki Nakajima Hiroshi Ogawa Akio Sohma Masahiro Suzumura 《Ambio》2016,45(3):290-301
Estuarine
and shallow coastal systems (ESCS) are recognized as not only significant organic carbon reservoirs but also emitters of CO2 to the atmosphere through air–sea CO2 gas exchange, thus posing a dilemma on ESCS’s role in climate change mitigation measures. However, some studies have shown that coastal waters take up atmospheric CO2 (Catm), although the magnitude and determinants remain unclear. We argue that the phenomenon of net uptake of Catm by ESCS is not unusual under a given set of terrestrial inputs and geophysical conditions. We assessed the key properties of systems that show the net Catm uptake and found that they are often characteristic of human-dominated systems: (1) input of high terrestrial nutrients, (2) input of treated wastewater in which labile carbon is highly removed, and (3) presence of hypoxia. We propose that human-dominated ESCS are worthy of investigation as a contributor to climate change mitigation. 相似文献
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86.
Abstract Co-integration theory has been employed in this paper and Granger causes are found between urbanization rate and GDP, between capital stock and GDP. Scenario analysis of GDP is performed using the GDP model established in the paper. The energy consumptions in Germany, Japan and other developed countries are analyzed and compared with the energy consumption in China. Environmental friendly scenario of energy demand and CO2 emissions for sustainable China has been formed based on the results of comparison. Under environmental friendly scenario, the primary energy consumption will be 4.31 billion ton coal equivalence (tce) and CO2 emissions will be 1.854 billion t-c in 2050; energy per capital will be 3.06 tce that is 1.8 times of energy consumed in 2005 in China and 51% of consumed energy per capital in Japan in 2003. In 2050, the energy requirement of unit GDP will be 20% lower than that of Germany in 2003, but will be still 37% higher than that in Japan in 2003. It is certain that to fulfill the environmental friendly Scenario of energy demand and CO2 emissions is a difficult task and it needs long term efforts of the whole society, not only in production sectors but also in service and household sectors. 相似文献
87.
Sustainability science: building a new discipline 总被引:8,自引:8,他引:0
88.
A new method utilizing phase separation phenomena for the extraction of heavy metal ions used as colorants in colored glass is proposed. Colored soda-lime-silica glass containing Co or Cr as a colorant was remelted with B2O3 to yield soda-lime-borosilicate glass. The soda-lime-borosilicate glass thus obtained was leached in 1M nitric acid at 90 degrees C to dissolve the borate phase. All cations (Na, Ca, Cr and Co) concentrated in the borate phase are successfully leached out with the dissolution of the borate phase, when the amount of the B2O3 added to the glass and heat treatment conditions are properly chosen. Porous silicate glass powders with high SiO2 purity are obtained as the result of the leaching. Porous glass can also be formed as bulk material by controlling the composition of additives during the remelting. 相似文献
89.
Enhanced degradation of carbazole and 2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soils by Pseudomonas resinovorans strain CA10 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We studied the degradation of carbazole (CAR) and 2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3-DCDD) in soils inoculated with carbazole- and dioxin-degrader Pseudomonas resinovorans strain CA10. By using Tn5-based transposon delivery systems, this bacterium was chromosomally marked with a tandem green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene. Real-time competitive PCR and direct counting using the (gfp) marker were employed to monitor the total number of carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase gene (carAa) and survival of CA10 cells in the soil and soil slurry microcosms. Bioaugmentation studies indicated that the survival of the marked CA10 cells in soil microcosms was strongly influenced by pH and organic matter. While the number of the marked CA10 cells decreased rapidly in pH 6 with low organic matter, a high cell density was maintained in pH 7.3 with 2.5% organic matters up to 21 days after inoculation. In pH 7.3 soil, the period needed for complete degradation of CAR (100 microg kg(-1)) was markedly shortened from 21 to 7 days by the inoculation with the CA10 cells. Single inoculation of CA10 cells into the soil slurry system of 2,3-DCDD-contaminated soil enhanced the degradation of 2,3-DCDD from 25.0% to 37.0%. In this system, the population density of CA10 cells and the total number of carAa gene were maintained up to 14 days after inoculation. By repeated inoculation (every 2 days) with CA10 cells each at a density of 10(9) CFU g(-1) of soil, almost all of the 2,3-DCDD (1 microg kg(-1)) was degraded within 14 days. Results of these experiments suggest that P. resinovorans strain CA10 may be an important resource for bioremediation of CAR and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin in contaminated soils. 相似文献
90.
Ai Leon Kazunori Kohyama Kazuyuki Yagi Yusuke Takata Hiroshi Obara 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(1):85-98
Cultivated wetland rice fields are a source of methane (CH4) emissions. To estimate CH4 emissions and develop policies to reduce such emissions, information on water management at the farm level is crucial. It is known that farmers implement midseason drainage (MD) to increase rice yields and save water. However, little is known about whether MD is carried out in soils where CH4 emissions are high and how part-time status will influence management. The objective of this study is to identify factors that determine MD implementation using a binomial logistic regression model based on a farm-level survey in Japan and to indicate possible changes in estimates of CH4 emissions, accounting for current water management practices. The implementation rates were significantly higher where the soil types were classified as having the potential for high CH4 emissions. Under current water management practices, the duration of MD and the percentage of continuous flooding were 5 to 7 days longer and approximately 7 % higher, respectively, than the values used by the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, which in turn are used to report greenhouse gas emissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. By accounting for current water conditions with the Tier 2 method, this study indicates that national estimates of CH4 emissions from rice straw application areas could be lowered by 12.7 %. These results may contribute to the development of a mitigation policy that will help to further reduce CH4 emissions. 相似文献