两种吹扫捕集浓缩仪在测定土壤VOCs时的性能比较

从仪器精密度、方法检出限、准确度等角度对吹扫捕集浓缩仪Stratum PTC与Eclipse 4660的性能进行比较。结果表明,大部分分析物用Stratum PTC的方法检出限略高于Eclipse 4660,但精密度比Eclipse 4660稍差;Eclipse 4660用于分析极性的、水溶性物质的效果比Stratum PTC好,回收率更高。两种吹扫捕集仪的测试结果均满足《土壤和沉积物挥发性有机物的测定吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱法》(HJ 605-2011)标准方法的指标要求。     

羊八井地热区典型植物对氟的吸附富集特征探究

采用水浴提取法处理羊八井地热区土壤和植物样品中可溶性氟,并用离子选择性电极法测定提取液及地热水中的氟。结果表明,地热水中氟离子最高为162 mg/L,土壤和植物中水溶性氟分别为347 mg/kg~937 mg/kg和189 mg/kg~164 mg/kg。氟离子在不同植物中的分布差异较大,嵩草属植物富集氟离子的能力最强,故可利用植物修复技术对高氟地热水、土壤净化处理,以降低氟污染。     

Small-scale spatial and temporal interactions among benthic crustaceans and one fish species in the Bay of Biscay

In the summer of 2004, a video survey was carried out in the northern part of the central mud bank (Grande Vasière) of the Bay of Biscay to study the small scale relationship between the dominant crustacean megafauna Nephrops norvegicus, Munida rugosa and Goneplax rhomboides and juvenile hake (Merluccius merluccius). Using a towed body, high-resolution videos were recorded in six sampling sites. Statistical modelling using generalised additive models (GAM) revealed variations in activity patterns for two species. More N. norvegicus were observed outside their burrows at dawn and somewhat at dusk (no observations during night) while G. rhomboides was less observed in the morning. In addition, reduced spatial overlap between G. rhomboides and N. norvegicus suggested reduced competition for food but also space as both are burrowing species. The observed temporal and spatial activity patterns may contribute to regulating assemblage structure as competing species may be actively foraging at different times and locations thus reducing direct competition.     

Highlights and new Editorial Advisory Board members of the Journal of Environmental Sciences

正The Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES)is honored to welcome Professors/Drs William A.Mitch,Jiuhui Qu,Susan D.Richardson,Jerald L.Schnoor,Hongxiao Tang,Shu Tao,and Hugh A.Tilson to serve on the Editorial Advisory Board(EAB).Their tremendous experience in scientific publications,leading expertise in topic areas pertinent to JES,diverse international networks/perspectives,and exemplary dedication to scientific excellence will guide and help the continuing healthy growth of JES.     

上海生活垃圾资源化产业的发展探讨

概述了国内外生活垃圾资源化利用的现状，对上海生活垃圾资源化利用状况和问题作了分析，探讨了垃圾资源化利用的价值和实现途径，提出了促进上海生活垃圾资源化产业发展的几点建设。     

北京市危险化学品安全生产技术支撑体系建设

1引言 近年来,在北京市委、市政府的领导下,各职能部门的协同努力下,北京市危险化学品安全生产工作取得了显著成绩,制定了一系列危险化学品安全生产管理规范,开展了危险化学品从业单位安全质量标准化活动,进一步提高了从业单位的安全生产管理水平,我市危险化学品安全生产状况总体趋向好转.     

Effect of microbial seeding of crude oil in seawater in a model system

The adding of a mixed culture of marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to petroleum polluted seawater did not increase the hydrocarbon degradation capability of the water. All the strains of the mixed culture disappeared from the dominant microflora while the autochthonous bacteria showed a capacity for adaptation to petroleum degradation about four days after the oil spill. This confirms the advantage of natural bacterial communities. The oil spilled on the sea surface evolved very quickly under the influence of abiotic factors such as sunlight. Aromatic petroleum fractions were oxidized and polymerized. This chemical evolution causes a drastic decrease of the biodegradability of crude oil.     

Hormetic protection of Drosophila melanogaster middle-aged male flies from heat stress by mildly stressing them at young age

Previous studies have shown that exposing flies to hypergravity (3g or 5g) for the first 2 weeks of adult life slightly increases longevity of male flies and survival time at 37°C for both sexes, and delays an age-linked behavioral change. The present experiment tested whether the hypergravity could also protect flies from four successive deleterious non-lethal heat shocks at 4 and 5 weeks of age. Males that lived in hypergravity for the first 2 weeks of adult life lived slightly longer (ca. +15% or 1.2 day) after heat shocks (30 min or 45 min at 37°C) than flies that always lived at 1g, but this positive effect of hypergravity was not observed in females. Therefore, hypergravity exposure at young age can help the male flies recovering from a heat shock at older ages.     

Foraging habitats of the seabird community of Europa Island (Mozambique Channel)

We investigated the foraging habitats of the winter breeding community of tropical seabirds from Europa Island (Mozambique Channel) in September 2003. We focused our study on the dominant species of this austral community, the sooty tern (Sterna fuscata), the red-footed booby (Sula sula), and the frigatebirds, including the great (Fregata minor) and the lesser frigatebirds (F. ariel). We considered the at-sea distribution and abundance of these species in relation to chlorophyll concentration, sea-surface temperatures, sea-surface height anomalies, depth of the thermocline, distance to the colony, and presence of surface marine predators, flying fishes and other seabirds. Although the marine environment where seabirds foraged was oligotrophic, it presents the best feeding opportunities for seabirds for the area in winter. Our study demonstrates that the winter-breeding seabird species of Europa Island tend to forage in productive waters in association with other marine predators when possible. Sooty terns and frigatebirds were widely distributed in the whole study area, whereas red-footed boobies were not found farther than 160 km from their colonies and were associated with relatively productive waters. Sooty terns and red-footed boobies were aggregated where flying fishes were abundant. The presence of other marine predators was associated with larger multispecies feeding flocks than when no association occurred. Sooty terns, which are numerically dominant at Europa and adopted network foraging, seem to be catalysts of feeding events, and represented a good target for the other foraging species, especially frigatebirds. However, when possible, frigatebirds favour association with flocks of red-footed boobies.Communicated by S.A. Poulet, Roscoff     

Observations sur le développement larvaire de Nyctiphanes couchii (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) au laboratoire

Larvae of Nyctiphanes couchii (Bell) were reared in the laboratory from the second and third calyptopis stages; they were fed animal, algal and mixed diets. Data are presented on larval morphology, growth and moulting rates. It is demonstrated that N. couchii is capable of filter-feeding and of capturing prey from the calyptopis phase onwards. The influence of diet on larval development is discussed: algal diets induce a slower growth rate than that achieved by feeding with Artemia salina nauplii alone, and increase the length of intermoult periods and of ontogenesis. A limited supply of A. salina nauplii has similar effects.