Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80°C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD_Cr, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2005, 6(2): 40–44 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

排放系数法估算污染物排放总量

掌握污染物总量动态变化情况，采用排放系统法进行估算是有效的方法。利用１９９５年上海乡镇工业污染调查数据对排放系数进行验证，说明应如何选用排放系数。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

森林合理年伐量分析确定方法研究

森林合理年伐分析确定是年森林采伐限额编制的关键技术之一,也是森林经理学的重要内容之一。本文从森林永续利用理论出发,以消长比度、成熟林采伐度、龄级结构改善度、流量均衡度、需要满足度５个指标建立了分析确定的综合评价模型,提出了森林合理年伐量分析确定的精确化方法,从而有效地保证了结果的科学性和准确性。     

杭州市大气NOx来源及控制对策研究

采用定常高斯模式和Thlong程序建立NOx污染源强与大气NOx浓度间定量响应数值模型,计算了点源、面源和流动源等各类污染源对杭州市区各关心点NOx的平均贡献率,分别约为17%,17%和66%,其中市区机动车尾气贡献率高达50%左右,是首先要控制的污染源.同时提出NOx排放削减方案及实施后大气NOx质量改善状况,为环保管理部门削减NOx污染源提出供决策参考.     

电晕法处理易挥发性有机物(VOCs)的实验研究

叙述了电晕法处理易挥发性有机物（ＶＯＣｓ）的实验研究。从实验中得出ＶＯＣｓ去除率与电场强度和空管速度的关系。对比了有填料与无填料时线 管式反应器处理ＶＯＣｓ的效果     

哈尔滨市交通噪声监测与评价

本文结合哈尔滨市历年交通噪声的状况及变化趋势,探讨了其近几年交通噪声的状况,并对部分路段进行了实际监测.根据调查结果和实际监测结论,本文综合系统地分析了哈尔滨市交通噪声强度和主要影响因素的发展变化趋势,对哈尔滨市交通噪声进行了初步评价,提出了全市交通噪声控制对策.     

区域环境质量综合评价的一种方法——Fuzzy概率法

本文应用Fuzzy概率原理,在对区域环境内各单项污染指标进行分级评价的基础上,考虑各单项污染指标在总体中的权重,并综合各单项污染指标的作用,给出区域环境内环境“总”质量的综合评价。     

我国土地资源利用的几个战略问题

我国人均资源占有量远低于世界水平,资源供应日益紧缺,并将成为经济发展的一个重要的约束条件。从土地资源的潜力来看,我国土地理论的最高人口承载量可能是15—16亿人,并在相当长的时期内将处于临界状态。关键在于控制人口的增长和在农业方面采取超常规的增产措施,特别是大幅度增加农业投入。我国土地生产潜力东部大于西部,粮食生产的重点应放在中部地带。20亿亩耕地是我国国土资源的精华所在,种植业的主攻方向应放在中产田,并大力加强我国九片商品粮基地的建设。林业建设的战略重点应尽快转向山区。牧业应发展饲料生产,开辟新的饲料基地。从总体看,应强调发展资源节约型的农业,以内涵挖潜为主,向生产的深度和广度进军。     

冶金矿山清洁生产审计

通过对姑山矿生产现状的调查研究，确定审计重点为选矿车间，分析了选矿车间存在的问题，提出了清洁生产方案，对方案实施后的经济效益作了分析。