基于层次分析法的电解锰废水处理技术评价

基于电解锰废水处理技术现状,采用层次分析法建立了一个4层10指标3方案的技术评价体系,从环境效益、经济效益、技术性能3个方面,对3种电解锰废水处理技术进行分析。采用专家评分的方法,根据各指标的权重,对3种技术进行评分。结果表明,电解锰废水全过程控制技术由于低廉的运行成本,较易运行,较高的锰、铬、氨氮去除率和回收率等优点使其总评分高于其他2种技术,是电解锰废水处理技术的首选。     

Assessment and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing

Heavy metals concentrations in surface sediments from Miyun Reservoir were determined to evaluate the pollution and identify the sources. The average content of metals in sediments from Miyun Reservoir followed the order Al>Fe>Ti>Mn>V>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, and the most mean values were lower than the globe average shale. Heavy metals concentrations at the inflow area of Baihe were higher than those at the inflow area of Chaohe. Heavy metals pollution assessment was carried out by factor enrichment (EF), geoaccumulation index (I _geo), and potential ecological risk (RI). The EF values for all heavy metals except Hg, Cd, and Cr at several sites were lower than 3, suggesting low anthropogenic impact on the metals level. The I _geo values of Pb indicated that half of the sites were unpolluted to moderately polluted and mainly located in the Baihe area of the reservoir. The RI showed that heavy metals of Miyun Reservoir were low potential risk, however, Hg approached or belonged to moderate ecological risk at sites of M5, M7, and M13. Correlation analysis and principal component suggested that Ni, Cu, V, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ti, and Pb were derived from soil erosion in upper reaches of the reservoir, while Fe, Cd, Hg, As, and partial Pb originated from anthropogenic sources, particularly industrial mining and gold tailings.     

Simulated-sunlight-activated photocatalysis of Methylene Blue using cerium-doped SiO2/TiO2 nanostructured fibers

Cerium-doped SiO₂/TiO₂ nanostructured fibers were fabricated by electrospinning technology. The prepared fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using the fibers as catalysts, photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) aqueous solution was carried out under simulated sunlight. The 0.2% Ce doping proved to be the optimal concentration for the doping of TiO₂/SiO₂, compared to other Ce-doped molar concentrations. The 0.2% Ce-doped SiO₂/TiO₂ fibers exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than industrial Degussa P25 and the samples doped with only Ce or SiO₂. The reasons for improving the photocatalytic activity were also discussed. Several operational parameters were studied, which showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of MB was influenced by parameters such as the initial dye concentration, the initial pH, inorganic anions, and so on. In addition, the influences of an electron acceptor and a radical scavenger suggested that OH was the dominant photooxidant during the photocatalytic process. The reuse evaluation of the fibers indicated that their photocatalytic activity had good stability.     

半推流式活性污泥系统工程应用特点分析

根据工程实例和应用结果 ,分析了复合式活性污泥系统半推流式系统的特点 .即 :该系统具有处理深度大、抗冲击负荷强、不易发生污泥膨胀等优点 ,适合于工业废水的治理 .     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性

中空纤维膜生物反应器生活污水处理特性的试验研究结果表明：Ｄ ＨＲＴ为１．５ｈ,ＣＯＤ容积负荷为５．７６ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３·ｄ）条件下,均可实现９０％以上的ＣＯＤ去除率;对ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率可稳定在９０％以上,高ＭＬＳＳ浓度８０００－１００００ｍｇ·Ｌ）提供了内部厌氧环境,使膜生物反应器的Ｔ－Ｎ去除率可达５０－６０％,中空纤维生物反应器处理高效,不受冲击负荷影响,操作管理方便,其生活物反应器体积比常规生     

战略环境评价指标体系框架研究——以流域规划为例

《规划环境影响评价技术导则》（试行）对规划环境影响评价的实践给出了指导,但作为规划环境评价对象之一的流域规划,该导则目前还没有给出其环境影响评价的指标体系。依照DPSIR框架的思路,初步建立了流域规划环境影响评价指标集。但DPSIR框架也不是很完善,因其对因果关系简化过多,难以了解复杂的现实因果关系,所以要达到真实的综合环境评价,需要对现实指标的关系进行深入的研究,需要改进DPSIR思路。     

上甸子本底站湿沉降化学成分变化与来源解析

利用上甸子本底站自1999～2004年的降水资料,对8种离子(K 、Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、NH4 、SO42-、NO3-、Cl-)浓度做了统计分析.并通过PMF(positive matrix factorization)方法对该地区的湿沉降来源做了解析.结果表明,①pH 分布在4.41～6.55之间,电导率分布在 40.97～69.64μS·cm-1之间.②上甸子本底站的电导率结果明显高于清洁地区降水背景点(瓦里关全球大气本底监测站)、低于北京城区的观测结果,表明降水化学成分受大气污染显著.但污染水平要低于人类活动集中的地区.③SO2-4、NO3-、NH4 、Ca2 是上甸子站降水样品中最主要的水溶性离子;从季节变化来看,SO2-4离子春季最高、夏季最低,NO3-离子冬春两季浓度水平相当,夏季略偏低,H 离子浓度春季最低,夏秋两季相当,冬季最高.④源解析结果表明.土壤尘是上甸子本底站降水化学成分最主要的来源;与施肥有关的农田排放是本底站降水成分的另一个重要的源;此外,来自污染地区的交通运输排放和燃煤排放的输送作用同样影响着该地区降水化学成分.     

抽油杆修复线噪声治理技术

研究了抽油杆修复线的噪声产生机理,制定了科学有效的治理方案及工程设计,治理效果良好.     

人工浮床栽培7种植物在富营养化水体中的生长特性研究

本研究利用人工浮床在富营养化水体栽培了7种植物，成活率都在70％以上，2个月的生长期内生物的生长量都超过20kg鲜重／m^2。浮床栽培芦苇的净化效果最好，每平方米的芦苇浮床可以使117．93m^3的水从Ⅴ类水质净化为Ⅲ类水质（以总磷计），其次分别为荻、水稻、蕹菜、牛筋草、香蒲和美人蕉。对蕹菜和水稻植株的检测表明，分别作为蔬菜和青饲料完全符合国家有关卫生标准。     

染料行业节能减排实践

染料生产是高耗能、高污染行业,探索染料行业的节能减排途径是当前非常重要、紧迫的任务。以某偶氮染料生产企业为例,通过对其推行清洁生产审核,发现企业节能减排空间。从清洁生产工艺、设备改造、废物回收利用、余热回收、能源管理5方面来实现企业的节能减排,促进企业的可持续发展,对我国染料行业的节能减排工作有一定的借鉴作用。