Influence of indoor transport and mixing time scales on the performance of sensor systems for characterizing contaminant releases

Optimizing real-time sensor systems to detect and identify relevant characteristics of an indoor contaminant event is a challenging task. The interpretation of incoming sensor data is confounded by uncertainties in building operation, in the forces driving contaminant transport, and in the physical parameters governing transport. In addition, simulation tools used by the sensor interpretation algorithm introduce modeling uncertainties. This paper explores how the time scales inherent in contaminant transport influence the information that can be extracted from real-time sensor data. In particular, we identify three time scales (within room mixing, room-to-room transport, and removal from the building) and study how they affect the ability of a Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) sensor interpretation algorithm to identify the release location and release mass from a set of experimental data, recorded in a multi-floor building. The research shows that some limitations in the BMC approach do not depend on details of the models or the algorithmic implementation, but rather on the physics of contaminant transport. These inherent constraints have implications for the design of sensor systems.     

Environmental regulation,foreign direct investment,and export sophistication of China: an empirical study based on dynamic system GMM and threshold model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The mechanism of how environmental regulations (ERs) affect export sophistication (ES) is complex, and for many years, it has been a hot topic for...     

锦州市“十二五”期间主要大气污染物减排潜力分析

通过对锦州市"十一五"减排成果及问题的分析,围绕"十二五"减排目标,从电力行业脱硫设施稳定运行、推进低氮燃烧技术、加快钢铁企业烧结机脱硫,取缔供暖行业燃煤小锅炉,加快用车淘汰力度及规范油品供应等方面对锦州市"十二五"期间减排潜力进行了调查和分析。     

论将强制性清洁生产审核作为“十二五”总量减排的主要手段

针对＂十二五＂期间污染减排压力,提出分行业将＂减排企业＂强制性清洁生产审核纳入减排规划中,以污染物减排量作为审核目标,分八个方面深挖减排潜力,将清洁生产审核绩效纳入减排核算中。并提出促进＂减排企业＂实施强制性清洁生产审核的政策和资金的约束激励机制。     

砒砂岩修复晋陕蒙能源区铅污染土壤的研究

寻找合适的材料来修复晋陕蒙地区因煤炭、石油和天然气开发导致的土壤重金属污染是该区域环境治理的重要措施.砒砂岩具有较强的吸附性,是可以用于土壤重金属污染修复的潜在材料.本研究通过室内模拟实验来研究土壤中添加砒砂岩对铅形态分布、毒性溶出量(TCLP)的影响及其对土壤孔隙度、pH、田间持水量、土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明,砒砂岩可显著降低土壤弱酸提取态铅含量,增加可还原态与残渣态铅含量;随土壤中砒砂岩添加量的增加,高活性态铅的降幅越大低活性态铅的增幅越大.砒砂岩显著降低了土壤铅毒性溶出量,降低程度与砒砂岩添加量成正比.砒砂岩的较强吸附特性及可以提高土壤pH是固化土壤重金属铅的重要因素.此外,砒砂岩对土壤理化性质的改善一定程度上对污染土壤起着改良作用.     

An integrated methodology for estimation of forest fire-loss using geospatial information

These days, wildfires are prevalent in almost all areas of the world. Researchers have been actively analyzing wildfire damage using a variety of satellite images and geospatial datasets. This paper presents a method for detailed estimation of wildfire losses using various geospatial datasets and an actual case of wildfire at Kang-Won-Do, Republic of Korea in 2005. A set of infrared (IR) aerial images acquired after the wildfire were used to visually delineate the damaged regions, and information on forest type, diameter class, age class, and canopy density within the damaged regions was retrieved from GIS layers of the Korean national forest inventory. Approximate tree heights were computed from airborne LIDAR and verified by ground LIDAR datasets. The corresponding stand volumes were computed using tree volume equations (TVE). The proposed algorithm can efficiently estimate fire loss using the geospatial information; in the present case, the total fire loss was estimated as $5.9 million, which is a more accurate estimate than $4.5 million based on conventional approach. The proposed method can be claimed as a powerful alternative for estimating damage caused by wildfires, because the aerial image interpretation can delineate and analyze damaged regions in a comprehensive and consistent manner; moreover, LIDAR datasets and national forest inventory data can significantly reduce field work.     

前进地震灾害紧急救援队

2007年6月3日6时左右,正当人们沉醉于睡梦中,云南省普洱市宁洱地区发生了6.4级强烈地震。一场突如其来的自然灾害无情地吞噬着宁洱人民的生命财产,短短的十几秒惊醒了沉睡中的宁洱县人民,惊动了中央政府。解放军某部作为云南省地震灾害紧急救援队,按照集团军和云南省地震局指示要求及任务部署,第一时间赶往受灾地区,积     

影响侧沟式膜泥法一体化OCO工艺脱氮效率的因素研究

采用侧沟式膜泥法一体化OCO工艺处理模拟生活污水,考察了DO、HRT和C/N 3种影响因素对模拟生活污水脱氮的效果。研究结果表明：在好氧区DO为2 mg/L左右、HRT=12 h、C/N为7.5左右时,具有较理想的脱氮效果,TN去除率达到了80%;试验还表明本工艺具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。     

侧沟式膜泥法一体化OCO工艺中水力停留时间对脱氮除碳的影响

在传统OCO工艺基础上设计了一体化OCO工艺,在厌氧区放置填料,将二沉池和生物反应器合建,并就水力停留时间(HRT)对生物反应器脱氮除碳的影响进行研究。在进水COD为260～360 mg/L,好氧区DO为2 mg/L左右,缺氧区<0.5 mg/L,MLSS为4 500 mg/L左右时,分别研究了不同HRT下的脱氮除碳效果。研究结果表明：随着HRT的逐渐增大,出水COD值无明显波动,COD去除率达到90%以上,出水氨氮随着HRT的增大而降低;但仅当HRT为12 h左右时,氨氮和总氮均有良好的去除效果,去除率分别可达到93%和80%。     

Organic matter source discrimination by humic acid characterization: Synchronous scan fluorescence spectroscopy and Ferrate(VI)

In this study, seven soil and sedimentary humic acid samples were analyzed by synchronous scan fluorescence (SSF) spectroscopy. The spectra of these humic acids were compared to each other and characterized, based on three major SSF peaks centered at approximately 281, 367 and 470 nm. Intensity ratios were calculated based on these peaks that were used to numerically assist in source discrimination. All humic acid samples were then reacted with Ferrate(VI) and were again analyzed with SSF. Upon the addition of Ferrate(VI) SSF spectra were obtained which more readily differentiated humic acid source. This method will assist geochemists and water management districts in tracing sources of organic matter to receiving water bodies and may aid in the elucidation of the chemical nature of humic acids.