低温空管冷冻浓缩技术-GC-MS-FID法自动监测环境空气中VOCs

环境空气中VOCs的自动监测数据是研究重污染天气成因的一个重要依据。低温空管冷冻浓缩技术-GC-MSFID法,可用于环境空气中多组分VOCs复杂样品的自动监测,性能优于吸附管浓缩法。低温空管冷冻浓缩技术的采样流量、采样时间、冷冻温度等条件对环境空气中VOCs的测定有很大影响。实验结果表明:高采样流量低采样时间条件下,低沸点卤代烃捕集效率偏低;低采样流量长采样时间,-120℃捕集温度可满足各类VOCs的测试。降低采样流量增加采样时间,沸点较高的各类VOCs的捕集效率比较高。相同捕集温度下,降低采样体积,各类VOCs的响应同步降低,可用于高浓度C_5~C_(12)碳氢化合物、卤代烃和醛酮含氧化合物样品的测定。     

超声降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠的实验研究

采用功率超声的新方法降解水体有机污染物十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS) ,实验研究了超声反应时间、超声波频率、功率、声强、溶液初始pH值、变幅杆直径和空化气体等因素的影响 .结果表明 :SDBS降解率与超声反应时间呈线性关系 ,具有一级反应动力学特征 ;低频范围内改变超声波频率 ,对SDBS降解率的影响不大 ;增大超声波功率、声强和辐照面积 ,可以明显提高SDBS降解率 ,最高为 4 2 5 % ;溶液初始pH值对SDBS降解率的影响较为显著 ;充入空化气体 ,SDBS降解率明显提高 ,其影响排序为Ar >O2 >N2 .     

对我国城市污水海洋处置的思索

本文结合国内外污水海洋处置趋势分析，针对甸沿海社会经济和环境特征，阐述排海工程在保护近海环境方面的作用和意义。并就海洋自净能力，城市污水处理设施和排海工程的效益等问题进行了讨论，提出了完善近岸海域环境功能区划，开展海洋生态效应和污水海洋处置规划研究以及开拓资金渠道建议。     

金厂沟梁金矿床矿脉原生地球化学特征及深部含矿性评价

金厂沟梁金矿床的矿脉走向主要为NW向和近SN向 ,NW向矿脉中矿体赋存深度比近SN向矿脉浅约 2 0 0m。近南北向矿脉的金矿体主要赋存在矿脉向西凸出与平稳变化的转折部位。As、Sb含量和F3因子得分值的高值指示矿体上部 ,Co、Mo含量和F5因子得分值的高值指示矿体的下部或尾部。黄铁矿是最主要的载金矿物 ,中粒、半自形晶 ,碎裂发育 ,晶体内含杂质较多的黄铁矿含金率高。在东矿区 ,近SN向矿脉的探矿重点应放在寻找六中段以上部位的平行矿脉 ,NW向矿脉的探矿重点应放在二—三中段以上的较浅部位     

大豆蛋白和屠宰废水处理工艺研究

介绍了两公司大豆蛋白废水的水质水量和性质特征，分析工程的工艺设计和调试运行状况。对大豆蛋白和屠宰废水的处理，采用混和处理的总体工艺，理论研究和运行实践表明，混和处理利于均衡生物处理营养，优化厌氧处理工艺型式及参数。污泥培养时，尽快从间歇运行变为连续运行，利于基质和污泥的混和接触，促进油脂和脂肪酸的降解，防止油和脂肪酸的积累及其抑制作用，防止油脂包覆污泥，造成污泥漂浮流失。     

Uncertainty assessment of spatial patterns of soil organic carbon density using sequential indicator simulation, a case study of Hebei province, China

The spatial patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) are closely related to the global climate change. In quantifying the spatial patterns of SOC density, the concept of uncertainty of the SOC density values at unsampled locations is particularly important because such uncertainty can be propagated into the subsequent global climate change modelling and has fundamental impacts on the ultimate results of the model. A total of 361 SOC density data of topsoil (0–20 cm) in Hebei province and sequential indicator simulation (SIS) were applied to perform a conditional stochastic simulation in this study to quantitatively assess the uncertainty of mapping SOC density. The results showed that a great variation exists in the SOC density data. The conditional variance of 500 realizations generated by SIS was larger in mountainous areas of the study area where the SOC density fluctuated the most, and the uncertainty was smaller on the plain area where SOC density was consistently small. Realizations generated by SIS can represent the possible spatial patterns of SOC density without smoothing effect. A set of realizations can be used to explore all possible spatial patterns of SOC density and provide a visual and quantitative measure of the spatial uncertainty of mapping SOC density. With a given threshold of SOC density, SIS can quantitatively assess both local uncertainty and spatial uncertainty of SOC density that is greater the threshold.     

江西兴国县农田土壤固碳潜力20a变化研究

通过GIS技术,采集38个农田土壤样品,研究了江西兴国县农田土壤有机碳变化量的空间分布特征.结果表明,20a来,兴国县农田土壤中土壤有机碳增加的面积为621.3km2,减少的面积为38.4km2,增幅主要在0~5g/kg和5~10g/kg;千枚岩、花岗岩、红砂岩、第四纪红粘土和紫色砂页岩发育的土壤中有机碳变化量分布的面积分别为361.7km2、144.7km2、76.5km2、48.7km2和18.0km2,海拔在300m以下、300~500m、500~800m和800m以上的土壤中有机碳变化量分布的面积分别为358.9km2、200.2km2、62.9km2、28.0km2.多元回归分析显示,20a来土壤有机碳变化量和初始含量呈负相关关系,土壤有机碳变化量和海拔、粘粒含量呈正相关关系.图1表2参15     

人工湿地反硝化外加固体碳源选择研究

为了筛选合适的固体碳源,以玉米秸秆、污泥作为研究对象进行碳源释放规律及预处理实验研究,并从碳源释放量,释放速率、释放C/N比等方面探讨其做为碳源的可行性。结果表明,碱加热预处理后的玉米秸秆碳元素平均释放量为10.31 mg/(g·d),较酸加碱加热预处理方式高0.91 mg/(g·d),但二者氮元素平均释放量相同,均为0.20 mg/(g·d)。污泥经预处理后,碳、氮元素平均释放量分别为8.98 mg/(g·d)、0.21 mg/(g·d)。考虑到污泥作为反硝化碳源可以实现污泥的资源化、减量化和无害化。所以污泥和碱加热处理的玉米秸秆均可作为人工湿地外加碳源。     

Horizontal and vertical gene transfer drive sediment antibiotic resistome in an urban lagoon system

Rapid urbanization has resulted in pervasive occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban aquatic ecosystems. However, limited information is available concerning the ARG profiles and the forces responsible for their assembly in urban landscape lagoon systems. Here, we employed high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) to characterize the spatial variations of ARGs in surface and core sediments of Yundang Lagoon, China. The results indicated that the average richness and absolute abundance of ARGs were 11 and 53 times higher in the lagoon sediments as compared to pristine reference Tibetan lake sediments, highlighting the role of anthropogenic activities in ARG pollution. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that various anaerobic prokaryotic genera belonging to Alpha-, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes and Synergistetes were the potential hosts of ARGs. The partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis revealed positive and negative indirect effects of physicochemical factors and heavy metals on the lagoon ARG profiles, via biotic factors, respectively. The horizontal (mediated by mobile genetic elements) and vertical (mediated by prokaryotic communities) gene transfer may directly contribute the most to drive the abundance and composition of ARGs, respectively. Furthermore, the neutral community model demonstrated that the assembly of sediment ARG communities was jointly governed by deterministic and stochastic processes. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the diversity and distribution of ARGs in the benthic habitat of urban lagoon systems and underlying mechanisms for the spread and proliferation of ARGs.     

淮南煤田石炭-二叠系煤中有害元素分布与富集赋存特征

为调查分析淮南煤田石炭—二叠系有害元素的分布与富集赋存特征,采用ICP-MS对张集矿、潘三矿和顾桥矿共159件样品的煤中微量元素含量进行了测试分析,分析了11种有害元素的含量分布特征、富集特征,利用聚类图谱探讨了有害元素的富集赋存特征。研究结果表明:除As外,绝大多数元素的平均含量均低于地壳丰度,除Ba和As外,绝大多数元素的平均含量均高于中国煤、美国煤和世界;采用地壳丰度作为对比值所得到的富集系数严重偏离了煤中有害元素的分布特征,与中国煤、美国煤和世界煤相对比较,Cd高度富集,Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Sn、Ti为轻度富集至富集;不同煤层有害元素的富集程度存在较大的差异,Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Sn易出现富集,Cd为典型富集的有害元素,在8煤、7煤、6煤、5煤和4中出现高度富集;不同矿井主采煤层中有害元素富集程度存在差异,明显高度富集的有害元素为Cd、Ti;原煤灰分中的酸性组分超过灰成分的80%,灰成分指数平均碱酸比为9. 64%,煤中有害元素主要为陆源碎屑来源,部分存在自生矿物; As、Ni赋存富集于黄铁矿中,Ba、Mn可能赋存富集于碳酸盐矿物中,Cr可能吸附富集于粘土矿物中、Pb、Sn、Ti可能与硫酸盐矿物有关,Zn、Cu可能赋存在闪锌矿中,Cd可能赋存富集于黄铁矿和吸附富集于粘土矿物中,其富集程度与沉积环境和煤层稳定程度有关。