The responses of two native plant species to soil petroleum contamination in the Yellow River Delta,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Petroleum contamination is a significant environmental problem in the Yellow River Delta. The responses of two native salt-tolerant plant species,...     

芦苇湿地对造纸废水中有机污染物的去除效果及机理

为了对芦苇湿地对造纸废水中有机污染物的去除效果及降解机理进行研究,本文采用GC-MS联用仪对经芦苇湿地处理前后造纸废水中有机污染物的组成和含量进行测定,并通过叠放色谱图的方法对造纸废水中有机污染物的降解效果进行分析。结果表明:(1)经芦苇湿地处理前造纸废水中共测出30种有机污染物,其中8种被列入美国EPA环境优先控制污染物黑名单。(2)纸浆造纸废水生物塘-芦苇湿地复合处理系统对有毒有机污染物基本上达到了较好的去除效果:有机污染物总量减少80%以上,且降解后的产物多为毒性较小的烷烃类。(3)利用质谱手段对有机污染物的降解规律进行了初步研究。该研究为造纸废水处理和资源化利用提供了科学依据,为"造纸废水-芦苇-造纸"生态纸业循环经济模式的进一步推广应用奠定了基础。     

Short-term impact of reservoir impoundment on the patterns of mercury distribution in a subtropical aquatic ecosystem, Wujiang River, southwest China

Surveys on pre- and post-impoundment total mercury concentrations in water, seston and fish were conducted during 2007–2008 in the Wujiang River, southwest China. Compared with the pre-impoundment, total mercury in the reservoir and downstream water rapidly increased by 164–303 % during the first half year of flooding, and then decreased by 61.7–62.2 % after 9 months of flooding. However, total mercury in seston from the reservoir and downstream generally declined. There was no significant difference in the total mercury between reservoir fish with different habitat preference and feeding habit. We find that fish tissue mercury concentration significantly increased threefold after flooding, and the increasing rate is lower than those in subarctic and temperate reservoirs. The pre- and post-impoundment fish samples exceeding the Chinese hygienic standard for tolerances of mercury in foods increased from 1.3 to 17.4 %. Long-term monitoring of fish mercury level in Wujiang River should be undertaken to ensure local food security.     

磺化蓖麻油胶束强化超滤特性研究

采用一种由天然油脂蓖麻油磺化制得的磺化蓖麻油作为阴离子表面活性剂,与超滤膜相结合处理含微量Cr3＋废水。探讨了膜过程的超滤特性及影响Cr3＋去除效果的因素,并对该表面活性剂的回收再利用问题做了初步实验。实验表明,溶液中加入Cr3＋,磺化蓖麻油截留率明显增大,可见磺化蓖麻油胶束在水溶液中与Cr3＋作用可形成比纯磺化蓖麻油胶束更大的胶束或胶束聚集体。经过超滤膜过程处理,透过液中Cr3＋浓度〈0.254 mg/L,用于含Cr3＋废水处理,可达到国家废水排放标准或装置回用要求。初步回收实验表明,磺化蓖麻油在酸性条件下析出,通过离心法可将其从浓缩液中分离出来。     

Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer test case at typical road environment

● A single particle observation was conducted in a high traffic flow road environment. ● Major particle types were vehicle exhausts, coal burning, and biomass burning. ● Contribution of non-exhaust emissions was calculated via PMF. ● Proportion of non-exhaust emissions can reach 10.1 % at road environment. A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to accurately quantify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions to particulate matter at typical road environment. The PM_2.5, black carbon, meteorological parameters and traffic flow were recorded during the test period. The daily trend for traffic flow and speed on TEDA Street showed obvious “M” and “W” characteristics. 6.3 million particles were captured via the SPAMS, including 1.3 million particles with positive and negative spectral map information. Heavy Metal, High molecular Organic Carbon, Organic Carbon, Mixed Carbon, Elemental Carbon, Rich Potassium, Levo-rotation Glucose, Rich Na, SiO₃ and other categories were analyzed. The particle number concentration measured by SPAMS showed a good linear correlation with the mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and BC, which indicates that the particulate matter captured by the SPAMS reflects the pollution level of fine particulate matter. EC, ECOC, OC, HM and crustal dust components were found to show high values from 7:00–9:00 AM, showing that these chemical components are directly or indirectly related to vehicle emissions. Based on the PMF model, 7 major factors are resolved. The relative contributions of each factor were determined: vehicle exhaust emission (44.8 %), coal-fired source (14.5 %), biomass combustion (12.2 %), crustal dust (9.4 %), ship emission (9.0 %), tires wear (6.6 %) and brake pads wear (3.5 %). The results show that the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust to particulate matter at roadside environment is approximately 10.1 %. Vehicle non-exhaust emissions are the focus of future research in the vehicle pollutant emission control field.     

高速公路碰撞能量衰减装置设计与力学性能分析

为有效降低高速公路上车辆与护栏碰撞事故,提高高速公路交通安全性,基于能量衰减装置变形过程中应具有恒定承载力、稳定的破坏模式等性能要求,设计了一种八边薄壁型能量衰减装置。理论分析推导出能量衰减装置的峰值载荷公式,数值模拟研究了装置的力学性能及其影响因素。研究结果表明:能量衰减装置具有恒定承载力、稳定的变形破坏模式和载荷波动性,其几何参数对冲程效率和载荷波动系数性能指标无影响;能量衰减装置的压溃峰值载荷、能量吸能和平均压溃载荷指标随长度和壁厚的减小而减小,压溃峰值载荷、平均压溃载荷指标随边长增加而减小。     

基于PLC的工业电雷管智能并行装配系统研究

针对国内工业电雷管装配生产过程中,因人工参与导致自动化技术水平低、危险系数高,造成生产效率低、安全事故频发等问题,将并行控制思想融入工艺模块划分、模块间的通信及PLC控制系统设计中,构建了一种基于PLC的工业电雷管智能并行装配系统,实现了工业电雷管并行装配,并使危险工作位置实现无人化,优化性能瓶颈从而提高了装配效率;设计了智能异常排除策略,实时监控和调整系统性能参数,使装配生产安全事故率大幅降低,增强了系统可靠性。实际应用表明,系统运行安全稳定、维护简便,实时预警及保护功能齐全,有效提高了工业电雷管自动装配的技术水平和产品质量。     

甲醇废水处理研究进展

介绍了甲醇废水的来源、成分及其危害,并从物理法、化学法和生物法3个方面综述了近年来国内外有关甲醇废水处理技术的原理、工艺流程、发展趋势及其实际应用情况,分析了现有甲醇废水处理工艺的优缺点和存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

北方寒冷地区SBR设计参数的修正及其探讨

在城市污水处理系统中,通常的SBR工艺设计参数多适用于常温的环境即15～30℃。而我国北方寒冷地区,冬季水温一般在6～10℃,如果仍按照常规参数进行工程设计,在一定程度上不能满足北方城市污水处理系统的实际情况,出水水质很难达到排放要求。因此,应把温度参数与反应动力学联系起来,通过试验和工程实例对SBR的常规设计参数进行低温下的修正,以适应北方寒冷地区的城市污水处理厂的设计要求。     

微电池滤床法处理含油废水

介绍了含油废水中油珠电荷的来源和ζ－电位,阐述了液膜池微观电泳测试的理论和方法。根据油珠具有ζ－电位及在外电场作用下可以迁移的性质,采用炭－铁粒料组成微电池滤床处理含油废水,油去除率可达７０％－８０％。