典型抗生素二元混合物对明亮发光杆菌的急性联合毒性

以明亮发光杆菌作为受试生物,测定了不同类型抗生素的二元混合物对明亮发光杆菌的等比急性联合毒性.结果表明,4类抗生素对明亮发光杆菌二元等比急性联合毒性主要呈加和效应及拮抗效应.本研究可为水体中抗生素的联合生态风险评价和修复提供理论依据.     

黄河三角洲滨海湿地的维管束植物区系特征

在2007-2008年多次实地调查并参照相关资料基础上,对黄河三角洲滨海湿地进行了植被类型划分和湿地维管束植物生态类群、生活型划分,利用统计方法分析了研究区湿地维管束植物区系的科、属构成,地理分布区成分构成.研究表明,黄河三角洲滨海湿地有71科、199属、298种维管束植物,蓼科、藜科、苋科、豆科、菊科、禾本科、莎草科等7个大科为区系主体,上述7科共76属128种,占总属数的39.38%和总种数的43.99%;区系中单种属多,属的分化程度较高.区系中有59种盐生植物、46种水生植物、44种湿生植物、144种中生植物、7种旱生植物,水生植物、湿生植物的生活型以地面芽植物、地下芽植物为主,陆地中生植物、盐生植物的生活型以一年生植物为主.从分布区类型构成来看,区系中蕨类植物区域分布成分较多,种子植物中温带分布属最多,这反映出湿地植被具有一定的地带性特征,种子植物中热带分布属、世界分布属较多分别表明海洋性气候对湿地植被特征的影响及湿地植被的隐域性特征.     

Simulation of thermodynamic transmission in green roof ecosystem

Green roofs entail the creation of vegetated space on the top of artificial structures. They can modify the thermal properties of buildings to bring cooling energy conservation and improve human comfort. This study evaluates the thermodynamic transmission in the green roof ecosystem under different vegetation treatments. Our model simulation is based on the traditional Bowen ratio energy balance model (BREBM) and a proposed solar radiation shield effectiveness model (SEM). The BREBM investigates energy absorption of different components of radiation, and the SEM evaluates the radiation shield effects. The proposed model is tested and validated to be efficient to simulate solar energy transmission in green roofs, with some major findings. Firstly, the solar radiation transmission processes might be considered as free vibration motion. Daytime positive heat storage of the green roof is 350-520 W·m⁻² on an hourly basis. Nighttime or afternoon negative value registers a rather constant magnitude of −60 W·m⁻². Daily net average is positive around 155-210 W·m⁻². Secondly, solar radiation vibration is highly correlated with plant structure. The canopy reflectance and transmittance are strongly correlated (R² = 0.87). The multi-layer shrub treatment has the highest shield effectiveness (0.34), followed by two-layer groundcover (0.27), and single-layer grass (0.16). Green roof vegetation absorbs and stores large amounts of heat to form an effective thermal buffer against daily temperature fluctuation. Vegetated roofs drastically depress air temperature in comparison with bare ground (control treatment). Finally, the thermodynamic model is relatively simple and efficient for investigating thermodynamic transmission in green roof ecosystem, and it could be developed into a broad solar radiant land cover model.     

城市污泥干燥焚烧一体化处理工艺的研究

城市污泥的产量日益增加,若不进行处理,不仅浪费土地资源而且污染环境。对污泥中的水分形式和污泥的处理工艺进行了分析,认为污泥的干燥和焚烧是最完全、稳定的处理工艺。提出一种城市污泥干燥焚烧一体化处理工艺,利用污泥自身焚烧产生的热值,提供干燥系统所需的热量,达到整个污泥处理系统能量的基本自给。对该系统的流程和各工艺进行了分析,结果表明该系统的污泥减量大、干燥效率高、运行成本低、尾气排放有效控制。     

岩溶槽谷石漠化治理区表层泉水化学特征研究:以重庆酉阳泔溪花椒基地老泉为例

背斜型岩溶槽谷区石漠化治理的关键之一是要厘清地下水资源动态变化特征,尤其要开展在线高分辨率连续动态监测。本文以重庆酉阳龙潭岩溶槽谷石漠化治理区老泉监测站为例,采用PONSEL多参数自动记录仪现场测定和样品室内分析相结合的方法,研究老泉2017年完整水文年的季节和强降雨期间的水化学动态特征,利用主成分分析法探究季节尺度和强降雨期间老泉水化学组分的主要来源。结果表明：（1）在季节尺度上,受雨水稀释作用的影响,雨季泉水pH、电导率、Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-、Mg²⁺低于旱季;土壤受淋溶作用的影响,泉水K⁺、Na⁺、全Mn、Al³⁺、全Fe浓度雨季高于旱季;水化学变化主要受4个主成分影响,累计贡献率为85.53%,但主导要素是水岩作用及土壤元素流失;（2）强降雨期间,石漠化背景下泉水水化学指标对降雨响应迅速,但在植被不同生长状态下各指标差异明显;典型的两次强降雨过程中水化学变化都主要受4个主成分影响,累计贡献率分别为85.63%和85.40%,但主导要素是农业活动和土壤元素流失;（3）花椒树种植后泉水中NO₃^-、SO₄^2-质量浓度较高,且硫酸和硝酸参与岩溶作用过程并对老泉水质造成重要影响。因此,背斜型岩溶槽谷表层泉水化学特征的监测研究,对于槽谷石漠化治理区水资源高效利用具有重要现实意义。     

基于响应面法优化活性炭处理含镉废水工艺的研究

以广西河池市某工厂含镉废水为研究对象,开展了活性炭吸附法处理含镉废水的研究。在单因素实验结果基础上,选取活性炭用量、温度和时间进行三因素三水平的中心组合设计实验和响应面分析。研究结果表明活性炭去除废水中镉的最佳工艺条件是:当废水中镉的初始浓度为25.1 mg/L时,活性炭用量为1.58 g/100m L,温度为28.09℃,时间为1.53 h,在此条件下镉的去除率可达到97.55%。     

高炉瓦斯泥参与水煤浆燃烧固硫作用机理的研究

由于高炉瓦斯泥中多种组分均具有燃煤固硫的特性,因此,本研究通过将高炉尘泥混入到水煤浆中进行燃烧,在前期研究的基础上,结合XRD分析,研究了不同燃烧条件下高炉瓦斯泥对水煤浆固硫率的影响规律,以及尘泥中多元固硫体系在燃烧固硫中相互协调作用、热力学行为.结果表明,瓦斯泥添加量为30%,燃烧终温为800℃时,固硫率达到48.31%.主要原因是瓦斯泥多组分促进了耐高温脱硫产物3Ca O3·3Al2O3·Ca SO4的生成,降低了Ca SO4的分解,从而提高了水煤浆的固硫率.研究结果可为具有多元固硫体系的高炉尘泥及其它固废高附加值利用提供一定的技术参数和理论依据,也可为开拓研究新型、高效燃煤固硫剂提供理论基础,具有一定的经济价值和环境意义.     

Cagelike mesoporous silica encapsulated with microcapsules for immobilized laccase and 2, 4-DCP degradation

In this study, cage-like mesoporous silica was used as the carrier to immobilize laccase by a physical approach, followed by encapsulating with chitosan/alginate microcapsule membranes to form microcapsules of immobilized laccase based on layer-by-layer technology. The relationship between laccase activity recovery/leakage rate and the coating thickness was simultaneously investigated. Because the microcapsule layers have a substantial network of pores, they act as semipermeable membranes, while the laccase immobilized inside the microcapsules acts as a processing plant for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. The microcapsules of immobilized laccase were able to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol within a wide range of 2,4-dichlorophenol concentration, temperature and pH, with mean degradation rate around 62%. Under the optimal conditions, the thermal stability and reusability of immobilized laccase were shown to be improved significantly, as the removal rate and degradation rate remained over 40.2% and 33.8% respectively after 6 cycles of operation. Using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), diisobutyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate were identified as the products of 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation by the microcapsules of immobilized laccase and laccase immobilized by a physical approach, respectively, further demonstrating the degradation mechanism of 2,4-dichlorophenol by microcapsule-immobilized laccase.     

1691—1692年陕西瘟疫发生原因初探

历史时期瘟疫的研究对现代瘟疫的防治具有重要的意义。本文选取陕西省为研究区域,在大量收集历史文献资料的基础上,初步考察了康熙三十至三十一年(1691—1692年)陕西瘟疫发生的情况,并着重分析了这次瘟疫爆发的相关原因。结果表明,干旱灾害、社会风俗、治疫政策等是瘟疫爆发的主要诱因。     

聚氨酯(PU)合成革废水及处理工艺研究

通过分析聚氨酯(PU)合成革工艺及其废水水质特点,探讨废水中的污染因子和危害,重点提出了生物法、物化法+生化法、化学法、膜生物反应器(MBR)四种处理工艺,并提出处理合成革废水的建设性意见。