生物膜电极法降解氯苯、二氯苯的研究

研究证实,氯苯和二氯苯在生物膜电极下降解速率显著快于常规方法.质谱分析可知,氯苯的中间产物存在苯酚、乙酸,二氯苯的3种同分异构体中间产物均存在氯酚、苯酚和乙酸.中间产物表明,氯苯、二氯苯的生物膜电极降解途径完全不同于常规生物降解途径,而阴极的还原气氛对脱氯起到关键性影响.     

Trichoderma atroviride F6 improves phytoextraction efficiency of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa Bailey) in Cd, Ni contaminated soils

Trichoderma atroviride F6, isolated from decaying feather and resistant to 100 mg l(-1) Cd2+ and 250 mg l(-1) Ni2+, was applied for rhizoremediation of Cd, Ni and Cd-Ni combination contaminated soils through association with Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa. The strain significantly alleviated the cellular toxicity of cadmium and nickel to plants. Inoculation of B. juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa with T. atroviride F6 resulted a 110%, 40% and 170% increase in fresh weight in Cd, Ni and Cd-Ni contaminated soils, respectively (P<0.05). The translocation factors and metal bioconcentration factors calculated for the inoculated plant were increased compared to the noninoculated plants. The results indicated that the efficiency of phytoextraction for B. juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa enhanced after inoculating with T. atroviride F6. The fungal treated plants grown in Cd-Ni combination contaminated soils showed higher phytoextraction efficiency than those in Cd or Ni contaminated soils. Thus, it is suggested that the fungus T. atroviride F6 endowed with organic-degrading capabilities could be exploited for fungi-assisted phytoremediation of mixed organic-metal contaminated soils.     

喀斯特槽谷区土壤CO2浓度的短时变化及影响因素研究

龙潭喀斯特槽谷两侧顺、逆倾坡裸岩出露率、植被覆盖率存在较大差异,为探究龙潭槽谷两侧顺、逆倾坡土壤CO_2浓度的短时变化及其影响因素,于2017年6月～2018年5月用固态CO_2传感器法在槽谷两侧顺、逆倾坡土面上开展高分辨率土壤CO_2浓度动态监测,并同时对监测点进行土壤温度、土壤湿度连续自动化监测。结果表明:(1)强降雨事件中,除强降雨初期(1h内),土壤CO_2浓度出现短暂降低外,降雨事件整体上促进了土壤CO_2浓度的上升;(2)昼夜尺度上,白天土壤CO_2浓度大于夜晚,土壤CO_2浓度对气温的响应速度较土温快;一年四季中,土壤CO_2浓度波动幅度大小次序为夏季秋季春季冬季;(3)在短时天气变化下,裸岩出露率越高、植被覆盖率越低,土壤CO_2浓度与土温的相关性越强且在强降雨下的变化幅度越大。     

磺胺与金属氧化物纳米颗粒对发光菌的急性联合毒性及其机制初探

磺胺与金属氧化物纳米颗粒同作为抗菌剂对环境与人体健康皆有危害。为探究其对细菌的毒性作用,测定了4种磺胺,包括磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、磺胺吡啶(SPY)、磺胺甲基异恶唑(SMZ)、磺胺嘧啶(SD),与3种金属氧化物纳米颗粒,纳米ZnO(n-ZnO)、纳米CuO(n-CuO)、纳米Cr_2O_3(n-Cr_2O_3)对发光菌(Vibriofischeri)的单一毒性及二元急性联合毒性。结果表明,SCP对V.fischeri的单一毒性明显大于其他3种磺胺;n-ZnO的单一毒性远大于n-CuO和n-Cr_2O_3;磺胺与金属氧化物纳米颗粒的二元急性联合毒性效应表现为拮抗、相加和协同,协同居多,说明金属氧化物纳米颗粒增加了磺胺的生物毒性,两者在环境中的共存带来了更大的环境生态风险。     

Assessment of different methods in analyzing motor vehicle emission factors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To explore the emission characteristics of vehicle’s pollutants is of great significance to prevent and control the diffusion of pollutants....     

区域水环境监测网络优化及评价考核方法研究

科学合理地布设水质监测断面是全面准确获取水环境质量监测数据的前提条件。利用研究区域现有断面2014年的监测数据,结合水资源调度方式和水环境功能区划要求,划分为五大片区并采用聚类分析方法进行断面优化,通过F检验和t检验表明优化前后断面无显著差异。同时,提出了一种综合的水环境质量考核办法——区域水环境综合评价考核指标,该指标包括骨干河道、乡村河道两类考核断面,采用综合水质评价与单因子评价相结合的方法,设置适当的权重系数,评价结果较为全面、客观地反映区域水环境质量状况,基本满足对区域水环境质量考核评价的管理需求。