Toxic effects of enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus

In this article, the toxic effects of Enrofloxacin (ENFX) on Scenedesmus obliquus were studied, through investigating the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and protein contents. The possible toxic mechanisms of ENFX were analyzed by determining the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content, and superoxide anion (O₂⁻) generation rate. Results showed that the growth of algae was inhibited by ENFX and the 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) values for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of ENFX were 88.39, 63.86, 45.10, and 59.16 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. After treated with ENFX for 96 h, the contents of photosynthetic pigments decreased with the increase of ENFX concentration, the content of soluble protein and the activity of SOD increased and then decreased, and the generation rate of superoxide anion (O₂⁻) increased continually. The contents of MDA and proline changed little in lower ENFX concentration groups, but increased rapidly when treated with higher concentration groups. These results suggested that ENFX affected the growth of S. obliquus, and the main toxicity mechanism was that algal cells generated the reactive oxygen species under ENFX stress, and then the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced the oxidation damages of biologic macromolecules and changed the biomembrane permeability further.     

中国水泥行业二氧化碳排放达峰路径研究

水泥行业是主要的CO₂排放行业,2020年我国水泥行业CO₂排放占全国排放总量的12%,占全国工业过程排放的60%以上. 为开展水泥行业碳达峰路径研究,提出了基于社会、经济等影响因素的多因素拟合分析模型以及基于主要下游产业的需求预测方法,对2021—2035年我国水泥熟料及水泥产量进行预测;并通过对水泥行业碳排放特征的分析,考虑主要控制措施的可行性,构建我国水泥行业CO₂排放情景,对2021—2035年水泥行业CO₂排放趋势进行测算,在此基础上分析水泥行业碳达峰路径及相关政策建议. 结果表明:①中国水泥熟料消费量在“十四五”期间仍有一定上升空间,随着经济社会的绿色转型,水泥市场需求在“十五五”时期下降. ②在此基础上,通过全面加强产能控制、加大落后产能淘汰力度、推广高效节能技术、积极推进原燃料替代,可推动水泥行业碳排放于“十四五”中期达峰,峰值为13.8×108～14.2×108 t,经过2～3年的峰值平台期后呈持续下降趋势,2030年水泥行业碳排放量将较2020年下降15%~18%. ③2030年,水泥熟料及水泥产量的下降将带动水泥行业碳排放量较2020年减少1.4×108 t. 在各项技术措施中,节能改造是CO₂减排潜力最大的措施,2030年能效提升可带动水泥行业CO₂排放量较2020年减少0.38×108 t;其次是利用固体废物替代燃煤,可带动行业CO₂排放量较2020年减少0.17×108 t. 研究显示,推动我国水泥行业碳达峰及碳减排,需在加强产量控制避免水泥过度消费的基础上,聚焦节能改造和原燃料替代措施.      

Differential responses of dominant and rare epiphytic bacteria from a submerged macrophyte to elevated CO2

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Epiphytic bacteria develop complex interactions with their host macrophytes and play an important role in the ecological processes in freshwater...     

石化乙烯工业废水中关键毒性物质的鉴别

借鉴美国环保署制定的毒性物质鉴别评价技术(TIE),直接从企业生产的工艺出发,结合废水的主要水质指标对某石化厂乙烯工业废水进行毒性鉴别试验,发现废水中的苯和硫化物对大型蚤具有明显的致死性,其中苯是废水中的关键毒物。所取废水对测试生物大型蚤的24 h-LC50均值为53.68%,其中主要致毒物质苯的含量大约30 mg/L。     

抗滑桩加固三维多地层边坡最小势能稳定性分析

为了分析抗滑桩加固边坡的稳定性,基于最小势能原理,考虑桩土之间的相互作用和滑面储存的剪切势能,提出了抗滑桩加固多地层边坡的三维稳定性分析方法。将该方法与其他方法进行对比验证,并分析了抗滑桩相关参数对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:该方法是合理可行的;当抗滑桩位于边坡中部时,对边坡的稳定性更好;当抗滑桩的桩间距大于8 m时,抗滑桩间距的变化对边坡安全系数的影响较小。     

大气CO2升高对土壤碳循环影响的研究进展

土壤有机碳是陆地碳库的重要组成部分,其积累和分解的变化直接影响全球的碳平衡。据估计,全球土壤（表层1m）有机碳积累总量相当于大气中碳总量的2～3倍。土壤是温室气体的源或汇,土壤碳库的变化将影响大气C02的浓度,因此,土壤碳库对人类活动的响应也是全球碳循环和全球变化研究的热点。在全球变化的大背景下,大气CO2升高导致植被生态系统碳平衡的改变进而对土壤碳循环产生影响。总结了陆地生态系统碳循环对大气C02浓度升高响应的主要生物学机制及过程,简述了大气C02浓度升高对影响土壤碳输入和输出的各因素的研究进展,并指出未来研究的主要方向。在大气C02浓度升高条件下,陆地生态系统碳循环的变化主要反映在以下几个方面：1）不同类型植物群落的净初级生产力（NPP）显著增加,但湿地植物的净初级生产力也有可能降低;2）光合产物向根系分配的数量增加,地上／地下生物量降低,根系形态发生变化,根系周转速率和根系分泌等过程的碳流量提高;3）植物含氮量降低,C／N提高,次生代谢产物增加,微生物生长受到抑制,植物残体分解速率降低;4）土壤呼吸速率显著增加,提高幅度受植物类型与土壤状况的影响;5）进入土壤的植物残体及分泌物的数量和性质影响土壤酶的活性,脱氢酶和转化酶活性增加,酚氧化酶和纤维素酶受植物类型与环境条件的影响;6）土壤中真菌的数量的增加幅度要高于细菌;7）CH4释放量增加,在植物的生长期表现更为明显。由于陆地生态系统碳循环的复杂性,研究结果仍有很大的不确定性。大气C02浓度升高与全球变化的其它表现间的交互作用将是今后研究的重点,同时由于土壤碳循环是一个由微生物介导的生物地球化学循环过程,因此,加强陆地生态系统碳循环的微生物机制研究也将为全面理解碳循环的过程提供更加准确的研究理论基础。     

薄壁圆柱壳初始爆破强度的可靠度分析

充分考虑固体火箭发动机壳体的结构特点,建立用中径公式预测其初始爆破强度的方法,对固体火箭发动机壳体爆破强度的可靠度进行了探索。研究表明:①固体火箭发动机壳体实际初始爆破强度与中径公式的名义值之比是符合正态分布的随机变量;②借助于钢制薄壁内压容器的爆破试验数据,在置信度为99%时,得到了该随机变量的分布参数;③应用强度-载荷干涉模型,推导得到了固体火箭发动机壳体爆破强度的可靠度指标计算公式;④固体火箭发动机壳体的可靠度在一定范围内变动。     

PPCPs in a drinking water treatment plant in the Yangtze River Delta of China: Occurrence,removal and risk assessment

• 39 PPCPs were investigated at a DWTP using the Yangtze River as its water source. • Grab and continuous sampling were conducted for the comparison of data consistency. • Ketoprofen & carbamazepine can be risk management indicators because of the high RQ. The occurrence and removal of 39 targeted pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from source water, through a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) to the water supply station, were investigated around the central part of Yangtze River Delta in China using both grab sampling and continuous sampling. Totally 24 of the 39 targeted PPCPs were detected in raw water, and 12 PPCPs were detected in the finished water. The highest observed concentration was enrofloxacin (85.623 ng/L) in raw water. Removal efficiencies were remarkably negative correlated with log K_ow (r = -0.777, p<0.01) after calibration control of concentration, indicating that more soluble PPCPs are easier to remove by the combined process (prechlorination and flocculation/precipitation), the concentration level also had a great impact on the removal efficiency. The normal process in the pilot DWTP seems to be ineffective for PPCPs control, with the limited removal efficiency of less than 30% for each step: pre-chlorination, flocculation and precipitation, post-chlorination and filter. There were notable differences between the data from continuous sampling and grab sampling, which should be considered for different monitoring purposes. The chlorination and the hydrolytic decomposition of PPCPs in the water supply pipe may attenuate PPCPs concentration in the pipeline network. The PPCPs examined in the effluent of DWTP do not impose a potential health risk to the local consumers due to their RQ value lower than 0.00067.     

基于离散元法的能源管传热过程模拟

采用自主研发的离散元软件MatDEM,依据能源管桩的现场热响应试验,提出了能源桩离散元数值模拟的建模方法,对能源管桩的热响应试验过程进行了模拟研究,得到了桩周土体的位移分布,桩芯和桩周土体的温度分布,通过与现场实测数据的对比,验证了利用离散元法研究能源桩换热性能的有效性,该方法在研究能源桩与土体的热-力学行为特征方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Applying chemical sedimentation process in drinking water treatment plant to address the emergent arsenic spills in water sources

Arsenic (As) spills occurred more frequently and sometimes polluted water sources in recent years in China. It is as urgent need to develop emergency treatment technologies to address the arsenic threat for large-scale water treatment plants. In response, we developed a chemical sedimentation technology to remove arsenic contaminants for water treatment plants. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of arsenic removal and the influencing factors of the chemical sedimentation treatment process. The influencing factors included the choice and dosage of coagulants, the valence of arsenic and pH value of solution. The As(V) contaminants can be almost completely removed by ferric or alum coagulants. The As(III) contaminants are more recalcitrant to chemical sedimentation, 75% for ferric coagulant and 40% for alum coagulant. The quantitative results of arsenic removal load by different ferric or alum coagulants were presented to help determine the parameters for arsenic treatment technology. The dominant mechanism for arsenic removal is static combination, or adsorption of negative arsenic species onto positive ferric hydroxide or alum hydroxide flocs. The efficiency of this treatment technology has also been demonstrated by a real production test in one water treatment plant with arsenic-rich source water and one emergency response. This technology was verified to be quick to set-up, easy to operate and highly efficient even for high concentration of arsenic.