多酚原位固化茶渣对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

通过甲醛与茶渣中多酚类组分的反应制备了多酚原位固化茶渣吸附材料,并将其用于对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附。表征结果显示：茶渣多酚的原位固化提高了其热稳定性,同时对茶渣粒料起到了修补增强作用。固化茶渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量随溶液pH的减小而增大。在吸附温度303 K、初始Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度60 mg/L、吸附剂投加量1.0 g/L、吸附时间300 min、溶液pH为2的条件下,固化茶渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量为56.56 mg/g,去除率达94.3%。固化茶渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程,吸附是一个自发的、吸热过程,303,318,333 K下的Langmuir饱和吸附量分别为83.26,107.64,129.20 mg/g。     

以汽油为底物好氧共代谢三氯乙烯

三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene,TCE)是土壤和地下水中广泛存在的有机污染物,好氧生物降解因可将污染物彻底转化成无毒的终产物,一直受到广泛关注,但是TCE好氧降解需要共代谢底物。首次提出以汽油为底物,选取真养产碱杆菌作为活性降解菌株,对地下水中三氯乙烯的好氧共代谢降解进行了初步研究。分别优化了共代谢底物、底物与TCE浓度比、培养基、pH值、盐度、溶解氧等条件,确定了最佳降解条件。当水中TCE的浓度为1 mg/L时,通过对体系预曝氧气,调节汽油浓度为10 mg/L,pH值为5,降解24 h,TCE的降解率可达66.8%。为修复同时被汽油和TCE污染的场地提供了一个新的研究方向。     

可降解餐盒去除地下水硝酸盐的砂槽模拟实验研究

采用室内砂槽实验装置,研究了以可降解餐盒(BMB)为反硝化碳源的生物反应器对于模拟污水中硝酸盐的去除效果及其影响因素。结果表明,以BMB为反硝化碳源的反应器启动时间短。当进水硝酸盐浓度为50 mg/L,水温为25℃,水力停留时间为1.15 d时,硝酸盐的去除率可达92.6%以上,实验过程中出现亚硝酸盐积累,出水TOC浓度上升,但反应稳定后亚硝酸盐浓度均低于0.1 mg/L,且TOC浓度有下降趋势;水力停留时间减小或者进水硝酸盐浓度增加均能使得脱氮效率降低,但当水力停留时间在0.57~1.15 d,进水硝酸盐浓度在50~80 mg/L范围变化时,反应器硝酸盐去除效率仍能达到80%以上;温度对反硝化作用影响较大,当温度为(20±1)℃时,硝酸盐的去除效率仅为62.0%、74.4%和97.5%。     

EM菌与化学絮凝剂复配实验研究

通过实验考查EM复壮液分别与无机高分子絮凝剂PAC、PFS复配使用处理高岭土悬浊液絮凝条件和絮凝效果。实验结果表明:EM复壮液与化学絮凝剂复配以后的适用条件为弱酸弱碱性环境。最佳复配比分别为VPAC∶VEM=0.6mL∶2 mL或VPFS∶VEM=1.0 mL∶3.0 mL,前者的絮凝率为91.2%,优于后者的87.6%。同时降低了处理后水中的金属残余量以及絮凝剂的总投加量,降低污水处理的成本,提高了水质。     

不同焚烧温度下开发区污泥焚烧渣分析

在不同焚烧温度条件下采用可控温管式炉焚烧开发区干污泥,对污泥焚烧渣中微观形貌、元素分布、矿物组成以及重金属总量及其形态进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,污泥焚烧渣在焚烧温度为900℃出现明显的结焦现象,在焚烧温度为1 100℃时焚烧渣结焦的微观表面致密。XRD分析发现温度的升高使污泥烧渣中出现NaA lS iO4等性质相当稳定的物质。不同重金属在底渣中的总量分布及其形态特征受焚烧温度的影响程度不同。焚烧温度的提高使污泥中重金属的残渣态比例增高,使污泥焚烧对环境的影响减小。     

利用电动力学方法向土壤注入无机盐研究

研究了利用电动力学向土壤注入无机盐过程中,电极运行方式、电压和注入时间对营养盐分布的影响。结果表明,采取变换电场方向的运行方式,更有利于电场中营养盐的均匀分布。通过电动注入的方式,可以在较短时间(24～36h)内向土壤中有效引入硫酸盐,且随着时间的延长,硫酸根在土壤中的浓度不断提高。由于电场可导致不同氮形式间的转化,引起含氮营养盐有效形态的流失,因此电动注入硝酸盐的时间不宜过长,在72 h内为佳。同时,由于硝酸根迁移速度较快,因此为保证硝酸盐在土壤中的浓度,0.5 V/cm电压梯度的效果较好。     

TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2氧化乙酸

研究了酸性条件下TS-1分子筛催化O3/H2O2体系(O3/H2O2/TS-1)对降解水中乙酸效率的影响,优化了相关工艺参数,并对其作用机理进行了分析。结果表明,在pH为2.8时,TS-1的加入能显著提高臭氧化的降解效率。优化工艺参数表明,当过氧化氢投加量为3 g/L,TS-1投加量为5 g/L时,O3/H2O2/TS-1体系对乙酸具有较高的降解率,60 min后O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸(初始浓度为100 mg/L)的去除率达到了58.7%。当pH为0.8时,O3/H2 O2/TS-1体系对乙酸的去除率仅为19.8%,降解效果较差。定量化计算表明,O3/H2O2和O3/H2O2/TS-1的Rct分别为1.62×10-8和8.67×10-7。通过测定乙酸降解过程水样中过氧化氢和液相臭氧的浓度变化,推测了具体反应机理。由于此体系在酸性条件下对乙酸有较好的降解效果,拓宽了现有O3/H2O2体系的应用范围。     

The characteristics of waste Saccharomyces cerevisiae biosorption of arsenic(III)

Purpose

The potential of using waste Saccharomyces cerevisiae as adsorbent for the adsorption of As(III) from aqueous solution was assessed.

Methods

The biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Various parameters including pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature were systematically investigated.

Results and conclusions

The FTIR results of S. cerevisiae biomass showed that biomass has different functional groups, and these functional groups are able to react with metal ion in aqueous solution. Several biosorption isotherms were used to fit the equilibrium data, showing sorption to be monolayer on the heterogeneous surface of the biosorbent. The maximum biosorption capacity calculated using Langmuir model was found to be 62.908???g/g at pH?5.0, biosorbent dosage 5?g/L, contact time 240?min, and temperature 35?°C. The kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption process of the As(III) followed well the pseudo-second-order equation. The intraparticle diffusion and Richenberg models were applied to the data, and we found that the biosorption of As(III) was governed by film diffusion followed by intraparticle diffusion. The thermodynamics constants indicated that the biosorption of As(III) onto S. cerevisiae was spontaneous and endothermic under examined conditions. Biosorbent could be regenerated using 0.5?M NaOH solution, with up to 75?% recovery.     

Characteristics of an aerobic denitrifier that utilizes ammonium and nitrate simultaneously under the oligotrophic niche

Introduction

An aerobic denitrifier was isolated from the Hua-Jia-Chi pond in China and identified as Pseudomonas mendocina 3-7 (Genbank No. HQ285879). This isolated strain could express periplasmic nitrate reductase which is essential for aerobic denitrification occurred when the dissolved oxygen (DO) level maintains at 3?C10?mg?L^?1.

Methods

To determine whether the ability of isolated strain is exhibited in the bioremediation of polluted drinking source water, the heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification characteristics of P. mendocina 3-7 under different cultural conditions such as oxygen level, nitrate and organic concentrations were studied from the nitrogenous balance in the paper.

Results and conclusions

By measuring the nitrogen balance in all experiments under different culture conditions, the removal of total organic carbon and ammonium was positively correlated with total nitrogen removal, especially under high substrate level. With substrate concentration decreasing, ammonium and nitrate removal occurred separately, and ammonium was completely utilized first under low substrate concentration. Compared to that under high substrate level, the specific growth rate of P. mendocina 3-7 was not low under the low substrate level and the pollutant removal efficiencies remained high, which implies the stronger nitrogen removal and acclimatization capacities of the strain in oligotrophic niches.     

乳化液膜体系去除电解锰废水中的Mn~（2＋）

采用乳化液膜法处理电解锰废水,考察制乳条件和提取条件对去除效果的影响。研究结果表明最佳制乳条件为：4%（V/V）span-80做表面活性剂,3%二（2-乙基己基）磷酸酯做载体,柴油做膜溶剂,用NaOH调节内水相pH为12,制乳时间为10 min,油内比2∶1;最佳提取条件：外水相pH为6～7、乳水比1∶10、提取时间10 min。制得的乳化液膜对电解锰废水中的Mn2＋去除率可高达99.99%,出水Mn2＋浓度低于2mg/L,实现水质达标排放。