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121.
利用白腐真菌漆酶对活性黑KN-B和直接大红2种偶氮染料进行脱色实验。考察反应时间、加酶量、pH值、染料浓度、温度对脱色率的影响,研究了ABTS介体以及金属离子存在下的脱色效果,并分析了漆酶脱色的动力学性能以及其对偶氮染料的降解规律。结果表明,活性黑KN-B和直接大红脱色适宜条件为:反应时间为30 min,加酶量8 U/mL,pH=7,染料浓度分别为50 mg/L和80 mg/L,温度40~45℃。ABTS介体对酶促偶氮染料脱色没有明显促进作用。Fe2+对漆酶脱色有较强的抑制作用;Cu2+对漆酶催化活性黑KN-B促进作用较大,对直接大红影响较小。漆酶对2种染料的脱色反应符合米氏方程,其催化活性黑KN-B和直接大红染料的Km值分别为114.81 mg/L,317.5 mg/L,vmax值分别为6.57 mg/(L·min)和26.0 mg/(L·min)。 相似文献
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Tilman Floehr Hongxia Xiao Björn Scholz-Starke Lingling Wu Junli Hou Daqiang Yin Xiaowei Zhang Rong Ji Xingzhong Yuan Richard Ottermanns Martina Roß-Nickoll Andreas Schäffer Henner Hollert 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):6934-6971
The Yangtze River has been a source of life and prosperity for the Chinese people for centuries and is a habitat for a remarkable variety of aquatic species. But the river suffers from huge amounts of urban sewage, agricultural effluents, and industrial wastewater as well as ship navigation wastes along its course. With respect to the vast amounts of water and sediments discharged by the Yangtze River, it is reasonable to ask whether the pollution problem may be solved by simple dilution. This article reviews the past two decades of published research on organic pollutants in the Yangtze River and several adjacent water bodies connected to the main stream, according to a holistic approach. Organic pollutant levels and potential effects of water and sediments on wildlife and humans, measured in vitro, in vivo, and in situ, were critically reviewed. The contamination with organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and others, of water and sediment along the river was described. Especially Wuhan section and the Yangtze Estuary exhibited stronger pollution than other sections. Bioassays, displaying predominantly the endpoints mutagenicity and endocrine disruption, applied at sediments, drinking water, and surface water indicated a potential health risk in several areas. Aquatic organisms exhibited detectable concentrations of toxic compounds like PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs, and PFCs. Genotoxic effects could also be assessed in situ in fish. To summarize, it can be stated that dilution reduces the ecotoxicological risk in the Yangtze River, but does not eliminate it. Keeping in mind an approximately 14 times greater water discharge compared to the major European river Rhine, the absolute pollution mass transfer of the Yangtze River is of severe concern for the environmental quality of its estuary and the East China Sea. Based on the review, further research needs have been identified. 相似文献
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To identify and prioritize chemicals that may affect thyroid and adrenal/interregnal endocrine system and to reduce cost and animal use by conventional toxicity assay, an in vivo screening assay was developed using zebrafish embryos/larvae based on measurement of expression of genes that were suggested to play important roles in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. Model chemicals that could modulate HPT and HPI axis in adult fish were selected in assay validation, including anti-thyroid agent 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and cytochrome P450 11B (Cyp11b) enzyme inhibitor metyrapone (MET). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of model chemical from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 5 d post-fertilization (dpf). Exposure to PTU increased mRNA expression of sodium iodide symporter (nis) and thyroglobulin (tg) involved in HPT axis, and MET treatment up-regulated all the mRNA expression tested involved in HPI axis by a compensatory mechanism. These results suggested that HPT and HPI axis were active upon chemical exposure at least at 5 dpf zebrafish. Furthermore, we studied the effects of PTU or MET on the cross-talk between HPT and HPI axis. The results demonstrated that PTU and MET could affect cross-talk responses in zebrafish embryos/larvae. 相似文献
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发光细菌法在水质综合毒性在线检测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以海洋发光细菌费氏弧菌(Vibriofischeri)作为检测生物,采用冻干菌粉快速复苏技术,研究费氏弧菌在水质检测中的最佳测试温度和有效性测试条件,并对硫酸锌等多种毒物和几种实际水样进行发光抑制作用分析。研究表明,费氏弧菌冻干粉复苏菌液保存在2~5℃条件下能有效测试7d,最佳测试温度为15℃,最佳测试时间为15min。氯化汞、硫酸锌、硫酸镉等重金属和苯胺、多菌灵、甲醛等有机毒物对费氏弧菌均具有较强的光抑制作用,也即费氏弧菌对以上毒物较为敏感,并能够连续7d保持对同一浓度硫酸锌的敏感性较为一致。对几种实际水样的测试和分析表明,以费氏弧菌为指示生物的发光细菌法能够应用于水质环境安全的综合毒性在线监测预警中。 相似文献
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Enhancement of solubilization and acidification of waste activated sludge by pretreatment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of various pretreatment methods, including thermo-acid, thermo-alkaline, ultrasonic-alkaline and ultrasonic-acid, on solubilization and subsequent acidification efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. The results showed that both thermo-alkaline and ultrasonic-alkaline significantly improved the solubilization of WAS at a high concentration (7.4% of total solids). Solubilization of volatile solids (VS) and crude protein was 60.2-61.6% and 66.8-67.5%, respectively. Thermo-alkaline or ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment also enhanced the efficiency of subsequent WAS acidification. Experimental results showed that they had similar effects on the acidification of WAS. The conversion ratio from VS to total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) was 0.230 in the case of the ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment. Through this pretreatment, the level of TVFAs was 68% more than the untreated WAS after 252 h of fermentation. The mechanism of TVFAs production under different pretreatment methods was further investigated and the results indicated that soluble protein was the main substrate for TVFAs production from the WAS after the thermo-alkaline or ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment. 相似文献
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毒性鉴别评价方法对城镇污水处理厂去除水中有毒物质的分析实例 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以江苏省常州市城北污水算处理厂的进水、活性污泥处理系统的出水以及A^2O处理工艺的出水为研究对象,对进出水进行Daphnia magna急性毒性试验。结果表明,进水对Daphnia magna具有24h急性毒性,经过活性污泥处理工艺处理及A^2O处理工艺处理,两股出水均不显示24h急性毒性,采用毒性鉴别评价(Toxicity Identification Evaluation,TE)方法对进水进行监测和评价,发现曝气可去除进水的毒性,C18固相提取亦可去除进水毒性,进水中存在的主要毒物为易挥发的非极性有机化合物,进一步检测可知,进水中的关键毒物主要为邻丙基甲醛肟、1,1-甲基乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚、2-氮,氮二甲基苯甲醇等,此外,对2个处理系统出水进行GC/MS分析,可知出水中关键毒物基本被去除。 相似文献
130.