城市间空气污染控制的马氏链模型

根据城市间空气污染物相互扩散和无后效性的特点,应用马尔可夫随机过程理论,先建立各城市污染物浓度状态转移方程,再由城市间污染物浓度状态形成一个吸收链。建立城市间污染物排放控制的马氏链模型。通过模型求解,得出了城市间空气污染物浓度达到国家排放标准的条件,最后应用数值计算软件MAT-LAB,编写了一个城市间空气污染控制的通用程序,它能在保证城市空气质量的前提下,快速准确地计算出控制区内各污染源污染物的最大允许排放量,这对环保部门进行城市空气污染物排放量控制工作具有实际意义。     

柔性管理理念在高校学生管理中的运用

新时期大学生的心理行为特点和高校"以人为本"的学生工作理念的发展都要求高校学生管理必须改变传统的刚性管理模式,引入柔性管理理念,在学生管理中重视学生的主体地位,关注学生的情感需要,注重管理与服务的糅合、融通.     

论我国自然灾害应急机制的完善——由2008年南方冰雪灾害引发的思考

经过几年的努力,我国自然灾害应急机制的建设取得了很大的成绩,但2008年伊始的一场冰雪灾害却暴露了我国自然灾害应急机制存在的诸多问题。因此,必须从灾害预警、灾害信息公布、灾害自救、应对突发事件的组织体制和有关应急预案、法律法规的落实等方面对我国自然灾害应急机制加以完善。     

基于PCA和SOM网络的洪泽湖水质时空变化特征分析

2010年分4个季度对洪泽湖全湖20个样点的水质理化特征进行了定期监测,采用修正的卡尔森营养状态指数法（TSIm）综合评价了洪泽湖水质的营养状况,同时应用主成分分析（PCA）和自组织特征映射网络（SOM网络）分析了洪泽湖水质的时空变化特征。结果显示：除了水深（WD）和透明度（SD）,洪泽湖的pH、EC、NH+4 N、TN、TP、和CODMn等水质参数季节差异显著。TSIm综合评价结果表明洪泽湖4个季节的水质均呈富营养化状态,夏季富营养化程度最严重。PCA分析表明洪泽湖水质主要受离子和氮盐的控制,磷不是控制洪泽湖水质的最主要因素。SOM网络将全湖20个样点聚为G1、G2和G3三类,G1代表洪泽湖相对封闭的北部区域,有沉水植被分布,水质主要受围网养殖污染的影响;G2代表洪泽湖东部和南部区域,〖JP2〗航运繁忙,直接承接淮河入湖河水,水质主要受淮河入湖河水和航运的影响;G3代表洪泽湖西部水域,沿岸密布养殖池塘且人口密度大,水质主要受养殖废水和城镇生活污水的影响。研究认为,控制外源污染和恢复沉水植被是防治洪泽湖富营养化的有效途径     

Environmental Capital,Negative Externality and Carbon Finance Innovation

Abstract

In the context of global climate change, the internalization of negative externality, which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth, has become an inevitable choice. In order to achieve the internalization, it is necessary to make innovations on the market mechanism and system, find the value of environmental capital, establish a new mode of economic growth based on environmental capital, and then transform the environmental capital, an exogenous factor of economic growth, into an endogenous factor. Of this, the key of market mechanism and system innovation is the financial innovation that is based on environmental capital and negative externality; the government defines the initial property right of environmental resources and establishes environment energy trading market, so as to guide enterprises to trade environmental resources (represented by carbon emission permit trading) based on the Clean Development Mechanism, and to vigorously develop environmental finance and carbon finance.     

微塑料生物膜11种AHLs类群体感应信号分子测定及其分泌特征

为研究微塑料生物膜的群体感应效应,利用液液萃取和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了微塑料上枯草芽孢杆菌生物膜分泌的11种酰基高丝氨酸内酯(AHLs)类群体感应信号分子前处理和仪器分析方法.优化后的前处理方法采用酸化的乙酸乙酯(0.01％冰乙酸,V/V)对微塑料生物膜样品中AHLs类信号分子进行萃取,萃取方式采用冰浴超...     

Impacts of pollution controls on air quality in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games

Air pollution has become one of the main environmental concerns in China since the 1980s due to China's rapid economic growth and resultant pollution. However, it is difficult to directly evaluate the anthropogenic contribution to air pollution in China. The 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing provided a unique opportunity for testing the contribution of anthropogenic pollution because of the clean-up controls on air quality in Beijing enforced over the period of the Games. In this case study, we monitored the concentrations of major air pollutants before, during, and after the Olympics at a suburban site in Beijing. Atmospheric concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NH3, NO2, SO2, and the particulate ions NH4+, NO3-, SO4(2-) Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ all decreased during the Olympic period because of strict emission controls, compared with the same period from 2005 to 2007. For example, the average PM10 concentration (61 microg m(-3)) during the Olympics was only 37% of that (166 microg m(-3)) in the same month (August) from 2005 to 2007. However, just 1 mo and 1 yr after the Games had ended, mean concentrations of these pollutants had increased significantly again. This rapid "recovery' of air pollutant concentrations after the Olympics suggests that China needs to implement long-lasting decreases in its air pollution in Beijing and other major cities.     

河北省县域可持续发展评价指标体系的建立与应用研究

以可持续发展相关理论为基础,利用系统工程的理论和方法建立了河北省县域可持续发展指标体系及其评价标准,并在全省范围应用,对全省136个县(市)可持续发展能力做出了评价。结合评价结果,阐述了河北省县域可持续发展能力的特征,提出了河北省县域可持续发展的方向和思路。     

T-2毒素的毒性效应及致毒机制研究进展

T-2毒素是由多种镰刀菌产生的单端孢霉烯族化合物中毒性较强的一种毒素,广泛存在于谷物和谷类食品中.经食物连续摄入T-2毒素会对人类和动物的健康造成潜在危害.目前,T-2毒素对人和动物健康的影响受到了社会的广泛关注,已成为毒理学领域研究的热点课题之一.在综述了T-2毒素的生物转化、代谢途径及其毒理学效应与机制基础上,对现...     

摩托车防护头盔发展现状和展望分析

当今保护人类健康安全日益受到社会普遍重视,头部安全是摩托车乘员的首要问题。摩托车头盔防护依然十分重要;国际上其标准修定较快并不断完善;通过对TBT通报,头盔安全类发明专利等数据分析,得出摩托车头盔的技术研发高峰近期爆发。