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551.
本文报导了福建省四种典型母质发育的三种水育型红壤性水稻土的ZPNC和△pH_(ZPC)的剖面变异特征及其在水稻土成土过程中与腐殖质、不同形态氧化铁的消长关系,对其在系统分类中的诊断意义作了初步探讨。 相似文献
552.
尾矿砂颗粒表面特征与吸附作用的研究——Ⅰ.尾矿砂颗粒的表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用多种仪器和化学分析方法对酸性矿山废水污染河流中的细微尾矿砂颗粒的物理化学特性,如矿物组成、化学成份、粒径分布及比表面积等进行了表征。同时实验研究了尾矿砂颗粒表面特性,计算求解了颗粒表面双电层结构中的表面电荷密度σ_0,表面总吸附位N_s,pH_(zpc和pH_(lcp),最后,应用表面络合三层模式计算求取了尾矿砂颗粒表面固有常数K_(al)~(int),K_(a3)~(int)及表面络合稳定常数K_(Na)~(int)和K_(NO_3~-)~(int) 相似文献
553.
554.
焦炭和废铁屑微电解预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
研究表明,废铁屑和焦炭微电解是预处理垃圾渗滤液的一种有效方法,可去除垃圾渗滤液COD、色度和腐殖酸等污染物质,改善其可生化性、降低负荷,为后续生化处理创造良好的条件.通过静态正交实验确定废铁屑和焦炭最佳投加体积比为1∶3;最佳反应pH值为4;动态实验中,反应时间为1 h时,COD和色度去除率分别高达68%和91%;BOD/COD从0.3提高到0.5左右. 相似文献
555.
苯酚及其氯代物对大型溞的毒性效应和微观机理探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用静态生物急性试验的方法,研究了5种酚类化合物对大型溞的急性毒性效应,并利用正辛醇/水分配系数(Kow)对实验测得的毒性数值进行了统计分析,得到了有效的毒性估测模型.研究结果表明,大型溞的幼溞接触不同化合物的不同浓度,活动会受到抑制,甚至死亡,苯酚、4-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,3,4-三氯酚和五氯酚的48 h EC50分别为9.15、4.64、4.40、1.92、0.37 mg/L;根据化学物质对溞类的毒性评价标准,这5种化合物都属高毒物质,其中五氯酚具有极高毒性.另外,五氯酚对大型溞的致毒关键步骤不仅包括传输分配过程还有生化反应. 相似文献
556.
Jones RK Sun WH Tang CS Robert FM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(5):340-346
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to understand the interaction between plants and microorganisms during petroleum-hydrocarbon bioremediation in Pacific Islands coastal soils. Total bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms population dyanamics were examined in the rhizospheres of tropical trees and shrubs, which were evaluated for their phytoremediation potential in a greenhouse experiment. The respective and combined effects of plant roots and diesel contaminant on the microbial populations were determined in relation to diesel fuel depletion. An increase in the grading populations size of the hydrocarbon-degrading populations of microbes, elicited by rhizodeposition, is generally regarded as conducive to an enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in vegetated soil. METHODS: The soil was a coastal sandy loam (pH 7.8) which was artificially contaminated with 10 g of No. 2 diesel fuel/kg soil or left uncontaminated. The pots were irrigated with fertilizer and 1% NaCl. The enumerations were carried out in the contaminated and uncontaminated rhizospheres of three trees, kiawe (Prosopis pallida), milo (Thespesia populnea), and kou (Cordia subcordata) and three shrubs, beach naupaka (Scaevola sericea), false sandalwood (Myoporum sandwicense), and oleander (Nerium oleander). Unplanted control soils were included in the experiment. Total bacteria and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were enumerated on plates. Diesel- and pristane-degrading microorganisms were enumerated by the most-probable-number technique in tissue-culture plates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: All four types of microorganisms responded to the rhizosphere of the 6 plants in uncontaminated soil and to the diesel contaminant in unplanted soil. In contaminated rhizospheres, no effect of the plant on the hydrocarbon-degrader numbers was visible. Total bacteria responded more to the plant roots than to the contaminant. The phenanthrene-degrading bacteria and pristane-degrading microorganisms were more influenced by the contaminant than by the plants. The diesel-degrading microorganisms were equally stimulated by the plants and the contaminant. The numbers of hydrocarbon degraders were similar in the contaminated rhizospheres of the three effective plants (kiawe, kou, and milo) and in those of the three ineffective shrubs. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the quality of the rhizodeposition is plant-dependent and governs the type of diesel-degrader populations that will be enhanced by a given plant. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: In the proposed phytoremediation-benefit model plant roots maintain high levels of hydrocaron degraders in uncontaminated soil. When the root enters a contaminated zone of soil, those hydrocarbon degraders that prefer the contaminant would switch to the contaminant as a carbon source, effectively removing the hydrocarbons. If the root exudates and the contaminant are equally attractive to the hydrocarbon degraders, the contaminant degradaton would be less effective. 相似文献
557.
558.
处理啤酒废水的厌氧流化床操作特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验表明,自制厌氧流化床(AFB)反应器对温度的变化、上升流速等环境的变化都具备良好的稳定性.它的处理温度控制在30±2℃范围,上升表观流速控制为19.1 m/h左右,回流比控制为8:1,水力停留时间在6.9 h左右,废水COD去除率可达80%以上.该AFB反应器能够承受高达30.65 kg COD/m3·d的有机容积负荷,其COD去除率也达到了73%~81%,产气速率系数为0.55~0.612 m2/kg COD.同时,也对实验中出现的偏析现象进行了分析. 相似文献
559.
560.
PCB removal from contaminated dredged material 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of decontaminating PCB contaminated sediment using land treatment technology. Five glass aquariums were set up to test the disappearance of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dredged sediment under laboratory conditions that simulated photodegradation, biological transformation, and volatilization in dredged material confined disposal facilities (CDFs). A 40% decline in PCB concentration was achieved over a period of 5 months. Analysis of the variance in the data showed that periodic tilling produced a tangible effect on the disappearance of PCBs. However, the process or processes responsible for PCB disappearance could not be determined. PCB disappearance from the sediment was most likely caused by a combination of photolysis, volatilization, and biodegradation mechanisms rather than by any single process. 相似文献