Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.000 < 0.05) that of coastal wetland. As the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same, the higher soil microbial respiration (SMR) of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation capability. In the riverside wetland, the high soil microbial biomass, higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria, which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus, were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal wetland. There were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside wetlands. Path analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical factors. Therefore the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms, especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria, which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.     

酸碱调节对混合污泥中氮、磷溶出的影响

为了研究不同酸碱调节下混合污泥(初沉池污泥与剩余污泥按约4∶6的比例混合)中氮磷溶出的变化规律,考察了天津市某污水厂的混合污泥在酸性(pH=3.0),碱性(pH=10.0)以及pH值不调节的情况下,在15～20℃水解酸化过程中氨氮(NH4+-N)和磷酸盐(PO43--P)的释放规律。结果表明:对混合污泥进行pH调节可以提高氨氮和磷酸盐的释放量,且混合污泥中氨氮的释放量表现为碱性>对比试验>酸性;磷酸盐的释放量表现为酸性>对比试验>碱性。     

铁炭微电解组合工艺处理大蒜切片废水研究

采用铁炭微电解技术为核心工艺的混凝-铁炭微电解-强化电解组合工艺对大蒜切片废水进行处理,主要研究了铁炭微电解的运行参数,包括曝气与否、废水pH值、反应时间、铁炭质量比、铁水质量比对COD去除效果的影响。结果表明:经过组合工艺处理后,废水刺鼻的气味完全消除,浊度去除率达100%,ρ(COD)值由13050mg/L降至878mg/L,去除率达93.3%,BOD5/COD(B/C)值由0.10提高到0.46,废水的可生化性显著提高。     

不同电化学法对双甘膦废水除磷效果的比较研究

采用电-芬顿、芬顿-微电解、三维电催化、微电解工艺对预处理双甘膦废水的效果进行了比较研究。试验结果表明:对于高浓度有机磷双甘膦废水,采用上述四种工艺处理后的总磷去除率分别为66.2%、88.1%、87.8%、92.2%。铁碳微电解除磷效果最优,进一步对其影响因素进行试验,结果表明:pH为3,反应时间为2h,铁碳比为1:1时微电解法对双甘膦废水的总磷去除率可达92.2%,微电解联用对废水总磷去除率为96.8%。     

机器人在排水管道中的研究和应用

机器人作为自动执行工作的机器装置,近几十年来已成为国内外研究及应用的热点。它既可以接受人类指挥,又可以运行预先编排的程序,也可以根据以人工智能技术制定的原则纲领行动。它能到达人不能到达的地方,并协助或取代人类完成工作。文章介绍了城市排水管道在检测及维修方面所面临的问题,阐明了机器人在排水管道应用的必要性,评述了机器人在排水管道中的相关研究及各种检测和维修技术的性能特点,并对排水管道机器人在检测、维修及标准化方面未来的发展做出展望。     

油田油泥(砂)废弃物排放状况及处理技术

中国油田及石油化工行业每年油泥(砂)的排放量达到80多万吨,已严重制约油田的可持续发展。油泥(砂)中石油含量达10%～30%,还含有多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,可对生态环境和人体健康造成危害。国内外已广泛开展了油泥(砂)处理技术的研究。油泥(砂)处理技术包括资源回收技术、无害化处理技术和综合利用技术。本文简述了水洗处理技术、生物处理技术和热解气化焚烧工艺,并对不同处理技术的优缺点进行了比较。应结合中国国情及成本等方面综合考虑选用不同的处理方法,实现油泥的减量化、无害化、资源化、清洁化处理。     

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Western China has lagged a lot in terms of industrial structure and economic development, compared with the national average. And China announced its target of CO₂ emission reduction, i.e. by 2020, CO₂ emission per GDP will drop by 40–45% compared with 2005. The target will be incorporated into China’s long-term industrial planning. Against this background, this paper will make a comprehensive examination of the industrial development of Western China, aiming to discover a green and compatible way. First, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of regional industrial structure for the period 2000–2010. Second, we try to discover the industrial structure optimization path for Western China by employing the Vector Auto Regression model. Lastly, we try to provide some advice and suggestions for further industrial development in Western China. Our examination shows that further industrial development in Western China should pay full attention to resource conservation and recycling, and develop on a green and compatible path.     

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp clones (Cannabis sativa L.)

● Fe₃O₄ NPs increased the biomass and chlorophyll content of hemp clones. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs penetrated and were internalized by root cells. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs induced the alteration of metabolite profiles in hemp leaves. ● The psychoactive compound THC in hemp leaves was significantly down-regulated. We investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs, ~17 nm in size) on the phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an annual crop distributed worldwide. Hemp clones were grown in hydroponic cultures with Fe₃O₄ NPs (50, 100, 200, or 500 mg/L) for four weeks. TEM and ICP-MS were used to determine Fe₃O₄ NPs uptake and translocation. LC-MS-based metabolomics was employed to explore the deep insight into the effect of Fe₃O₄ NPs on hemp plants. The results revealed that plant growth enhanced gradually with increasing concentrations of given NPs up to 200 mg/L, which improved the fresh weight and dry weight by 36.13% and 74.68%, respectively, compared to the control. Even at a high dose (500 mg/L), Fe₃O₄ NPs promoted plant growth, including increased biomass and tissue length. NPs significantly increased the iron and chlorophyll content in plant tissues Increased catalase activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide content in hemp leaves suggested that the Fe₃O₄ NPs activated the defense system. TEM showed that NPs were abundantly attached to the cell wall and dispersed throughout the root cells. Metabolomics revealed that Fe₃O₄ NPs induced metabolic reprogramming in hemp leaves, including the up-regulation of carbohydrates and organic acids, and down-regulation of antioxidants, especially tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The significantly up-regulated metabolites, including peonidin and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, could be involved in photosynthesis in hemp plants. These results demonstrate the potential of Fe₃O₄ NPs for promoting hemp growth and decreasing the THC content at low doses.     

Does financing constraints impact the Chinese companies’ pollutants emissions? Evidence from a sample selection bias corrected model based on Chinese company-level panel data

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Most Chinese companies face financing constraints and thus lack sufficient funding for operations and investments that would better control their...     

Simultaneous biodegradation of dimethyl sulfide and 1-propanethiol by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1: “Lag” cause,reduction, and kinetics exploration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simultaneous biodegradation of malodorous 1-propanethiol (PT) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by Pseudomonas putida S-1 and Alcaligenes sp. SY1 was...