北京地区大气中非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHC）的人为源排放特征研究

以能源为线索,运用气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用手段,对北京地区大气中各人为源排放的NMHC进行了分类定量测定。在此基础上分析了石油化工、交通、燃煤和居民液化石油气NMHC的排放特征及对北京地区大气NMHC的贡献。结果表明,交通运输和石油化工是对大气中NMHC贡献最大的人为源,其次是燃煤工业。对大气中NMHC的特征物种也进行了尝试性的研究。     

抚顺地区土壤肥力分析与评价

通过对抚顺地区65个点位土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾五个指标的实地监测,得出抚顺地区土壤肥力基本状况为：土壤酸碱度处于中等,有机质含量和全磷含量丰富,全氮含量较丰富,全钾含量较缺,并针对该现状。提出了如何合理施用钾肥。     

Bioaccumulation characterization of uranium by a novel Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3

The biosorption mechanisms of uranium on an aerobic bacterial strain Streptomyces sporoverrucosus dwc-3, isolated from a potential disposal site for (ultra-)low uraniferous radioactive waste in Southwest China, were evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and enhanced proton backscattering spectrometry (EPBS). Approximately 60% of total uranium at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L uranium nitrate solution could be absorbed on 100 mg S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 with an adsorption capacity of more than 3.0 mg/g (wet weight) after 12 hr at room temperature at pH 3.0. The dynamic biosorption process of S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 for uranyl ions was well described by a pseudo second-order model. S. sporoverrucosus dwc-3 could accumulate uranium on cell walls and within the cell, as revealed by SEM and TEM analysis as well as EDX spectra. XPS and FT-IR analysis further suggested that the absorbed uranium was bound to amino, phosphate and carboxyl groups of the cells. Additionally, PIXE and EPBS results confirmed that ion exchange also contributed to the adsorption process of uranium.     

矿石铅同位素示踪成矿物质来源综述

矿石铅同位素是示踪成矿物质来源的重要手段之一。本文综述了矿石铅同位素示踪成矿物质来源的基本原理和主要方法 ,并指出 :单阶段模式年龄、特征参数示踪已逐步淘汰 ,铅构造模式示踪遭质疑 ,Δβ Δγ图解示踪还需要接受更多矿床实例的检验 ,全方位对比是矿石铅示踪成矿物质来源的首选方法。     

日本关东冬季飘尘酸度及其对酸雨形成的影响

利用微量酸碱滴定方法测定日本关东地区冬季高浓度飘尘的酸度,估算了飘尘对酸性降水的缓冲能力,并对飘尘水溶性离子组成进行了分析。结果发现：该地区飘尘的酸性很强,H⁺浓度在24neq/m³以上,是我国北方城市飘尘的几千倍,这表示该地区大气环境已严重酸化,可能是该地区酸雨形成的主要原因;飘尘的水溶性离子组成与我国飘尘截然不同,飘尘中cl^-浓度很高,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-的浓度也较高,说明飘尘主要来自人为源,NH₄⁺浓度则占全部阳离子80％以上,飘尘的这种组成也是非常特殊的。     

矿业废弃地对环境的扰动及其有效化解的对策选择

作为矿产资源开发活动的直接结果之一,矿业废弃地对环境的压力与污染在相当程度上与矿产资源开发利用的方式及环境直接相关。依据矿业废弃地污染环境的性质与特点,具体治理过程中,将基于生态恢复与生物技术利用以及正式与非正式的制度约束方面的对策措施结合起来,具有相当的必要性与合理性。     

Ultraviolet irradiation induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidant system in an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.

The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L. to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated. Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation. Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and high dosage of UV-B irradiation (Huv) treatments were significantly decreased. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment. In addition, the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B. Two new bands (POX V and POX Ⅶ) appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages. CAT Ⅲ activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation (Luv),whereas CAT Ⅲ and CAT Ⅳ disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv. Two bands of APX (APX Ⅵ and APX Ⅶ)were increased and a new band (APX X) was observed under Huv exposure. H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS)increased under Muv and Huv treatments. Overall, UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C officinalis.     

空调冷却塔水与空气军团菌的PCR方法快速检测

应用 Enviro Amp PCR-反向杂交法(涉及 5S rRNA基因和 mip基因 )和半巢式 PCR(涉及 16S rRNA基因 )成功检测人工气溶胶化的军团菌 ,这些方法进一步用于检测空调系统冷却塔的水及由其产生的气溶胶中的军团菌 ,从空气样品中检测到军团菌属及嗜肺军团菌 .检测的冷却塔水样品 100%含军团菌属细菌 ,其中 41.6%含嗜肺军团菌 .2种方法相比 ,半巢式 PCR法更经济、方便 .     

无锡市碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析

在计算无锡市2000~2011年二氧化碳排放量的基础上,采用对数平均权重Divisia分解法,建立无锡市人均碳排放的因素分解模型,定量分析能源结构、能源效率、经济发展情况等因素对无锡市人均碳排放的影响。结果显示经济发展对拉动无锡人均碳排放的贡献率呈指数增长趋势,相比之下,能源效率及能源结构对碳排放的抑制作用并不明显。据此提出开发可再生能源,转变能源消费结构,发展清洁煤技术,提高能源利用率等对策。     

MOBILE汽车源排放因子计算模式研究

在盆栽条件下，研究了土壤中Ｐｂ、Ｈｇ及其相互作用对烟草叶片活性氧代谢的影响．实验结果表明：随着Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ处理浓度的增加，ＰＯＤ活性逐渐增加，ＳＯＤ开始上升后转而下降，ＣＡＴ活性逐渐下降．它既诱导了活性氧的生成，又影响活性氧清除系统对活性氧的清除能力，结果造成活性氧的产生和清除之间的不平衡，致使相关的生理生化过程紊乱，加速了叶片衰老的进程．Ｐｂ、Ｈｇ对烟草叶片抗氧化酶代谢的影响，两者之间存在着一定的协合作用．