银硫离子选择电极测定工业废水中的硫化物

本法用Ag/S离子选择电极测定废水中的硫化物,测定浓度范围0.1～1000.0mg/l,方法精密度为4.3％,回收率为P2.5％,检出限为0.1mg/l。大多数离子不干扰测定,该法简便快速,适用于例行监测。     

Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.     

Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.     

石英羟基水-分子水的分馏系数与常规混合水δD分析的关系

采集了 4个不同地区花岗岩石英、热液脉石英 ,分析其中包裹体分子水与结构羟基水的含量、包裹体分子水的δDinclusion、结构羟基水的δDOH,计算了结构羟基水 包裹体分子水之间的D/H分馏系数αOH inclusion。考查了混合水 (结构羟基水 +包裹体分子水 )δDwhole water与单独包裹体水δDinclusion之间的差别 ,分析了这种差别与分馏系数αOH inclusion的关系。结果表明 :花岗岩样品中两种水之间的分馏系数小 ,分馏程度大 ,在常规分析中 ,若采用测定混合水δDwhole water值代表实际流体 (包裹体水 )δDinclusion值时 ,二者间有较大的差异。热液石英脉样品总体来说分馏系数接近于 1,分馏程度小 ,常规分析中引起的二者之间差异小。常规的分析方法用于分馏程度小的热液脉石英是可行的 ,但进行花岗岩石英水的氢同位素分析时有必要区分出包裹体水与羟基水。     

高职电子技术课程改革探讨

本文首先分析了高等职业教育电子技术课程的传统教学方式和弊端，随后探讨了电子技术教学的改革途径：包括高职教材内容的修订和更新，通过多媒体技术与EDA技术改善电子技术的课堂教学；精选验证性实验及强化EDA技术在实验和设计环节中的比例等多方面措施。     

基于集集地震的建筑物易损性统计分析

文章收集了台湾921集集地震的强地震动和震害调查资料，利用统计分析的方法，分析了建筑物破坏的数量、震中距、地表加速度之间的关系，对集集地震做了基于地震动参数的易损性初步分析。     

Mercury consumption and contamination of environment in gold mining in China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｇｏｌｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｇｒｏｗｓｕｐｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅｏｆａｂｏｕｔ 10 %ｓｉｎｃｅ 90’ｓ.Ｉｎ 1995,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｏｌｄｗａｓｏｖｅｒ10 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ,ａｎｄｉｎ 1996ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 12 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ .Ｉｔｉｓｒａｎｋｅｄｓｉｘｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｃｈａｎｇ ,1995) .Ｔｈｅｉｒｍａｉｎｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｏｆｇｏｌｄｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅ :(1)ｃｙａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｔａｌｏｒｅ ｃａｒｂｏ…     

北方庭院生态系统能量分析及养分平衡研究

以基于食用菌生产的北方庭院生态系统为研究对象，通过对沈阳南郊一典型农户庭院生态系统的能量分析与养分平衡研究表明，该庭院生态系统的产品总输出能为４１８７２１４ＭＪ／ａ，其中平菇产品的生物能占６５４％；输入输出系统的Ｎ、Ｐ２Ｏ５及Ｋ２Ｏ基本上保持着养分平衡；该庭院生态系统是一个生产力高、综合效益可观的系统，对指导该地区农村庭院生态系统建设具有重要的现实意义。     

小诺霉素发酵废水好氧生物处理试验研究

对具有强抑制性污染物的抗生素小诺霉素发酵废水，选择活性污泥、粉末活性炭（ＰＡＣＴ）、纯氧曝气等３种好氧生物处理法进行了比较试验。根据实验结果，小诺霉素发酵废水的生物降解呈抑制动力学，采用Ｍａｒｑｕａｒｔ方法对动力学模式进行参数估计。ＰＡＣＴ能够有效地降低降解过程中微生物受到的抑制作用，从而明显地改善了生物处理过程动力学。     

半导体制造业的环境污染与清洁生产

在分析半导体制造过程中不同工艺产生的环境污染问题的基础上，讨论了半导体制造业开展清洁生产的原则和途径，介绍了一些成功的清洁生产方案。