基于斑马鱼胚胎毒性与非靶化学分析的典型工业园区废水处理效率研究

工业园区废水中污染物种类复杂、毒性大、去除难,在处理出水水质达标的情况下仍可能存在生态健康风险,因此,有效评估园区废水的处理效率具有重要意义.采用斑马鱼胚胎毒性实验和基于液相色谱-质谱的非靶标污染物筛查方法分析了两家典型工业园区污水处理厂的处理效率.研究结果表明,生物毒性检测和非靶标化学分析可从不同侧面解释废水中毒害污染物在水处理过程中的沿程变化情况,两者的研究结果相互支撑.两类分析方法都发现,生化处理工艺无法有效去除工业废水中斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性物质.高级氧化技术、吸附技术和膜生物反应器技术等可以进一步有效削减污染物丰度及毒性,市政污水的混入提升了工业废水中毒害污染物的去除率及生物毒性的削减率.本研究结果证实了斑马鱼胚胎毒性与非靶化学分析可用于确定工业废水处理的效率,对工业废水处理过程的设计和调控具有指导意义.     

江宁区生态文明建设的实践与思考

南京市江宁区通过优化产业结构、提升环境治理、构筑生态新城等举措,打牢生态文明建设的现实基础。但对照国家生态文明示范区标准,在经济、社会、制度方面仍存在诸多制约因素。为此需逐步确立以科学规划为先导,以制度建设为根本,以产业转型为抓手,以乡村建设为载体,以生态德育为基点的生态文明建设思路。     

SVD在串联故障电弧检测及选相中的应用*

煤矿井下发生串联故障电弧易引发火灾等安全事故,为了预防电气火灾、指导线路维修,利用三相电动机及变频器负载开展不同线路、不同电流条件下的串联故障电弧实验,研究三相串联故障电弧的检测及选相方法。首先,对单相电流进行一阶差分处理后,建立改进的吸引子轨迹矩阵作为故障特征矩阵;其次,对故障特征矩阵进行奇异值分解,采用特征矩阵的奇异值构建串联故障电弧检测及选相的特征向量;最后,利用极限学习机建立故障电弧检测及选相模型,并测试检测及选相准确率。研究结果表明:提出的SVD方法可以利用单相电流实现三相电动机及变频器负载回路中的串联故障电弧检测及选相。     

湛江红树林湿地沉积物中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染特征与生态风险评价

近年来,红树林有机污染物(POPs)污染逐渐加重,其生态环境保护压力日趋加大.湛江红树林保护区是中国面积最大的红树林自然保护区,对生态系统稳定具有重要作用,准确评估湛江红树林湿地多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染现状及潜在生态风险,对了解湛江红树林有机污染物的污染状况、红树林的生态环境保护等具有重要意义.采用索氏抽提法和气...     

水资源的持续开发和利用

随着人品的增长和经济的发展,越来越多的国家正面临着严重的水危机、水质的恶化和水生态系统的破坏使许多国家的淡水供应出现危机,所以水资源必须得到保护和合理的开发。本文探讨了全球水资源的短缺及其原因,并提出了解决水资源短缺的途径。     

Pollution survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water of Hangzhou, China

The concentrations of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were simultaneously measured for five times (July and November 1999–2002) in four water bodies of Hangzhou, China. To investigate possible sources of PAH contamination, sediments, soils, runoff water and atmospheric particles of the region were also analyzed for their PAH contents. The maximum levels of PAHs in the water bodies (34.4–67.7 μg/l) were found in July, while significantly lower PAH concentrations (4.7–15.3 μg/l) were measured in November. The contamination is substantial and it may have resulted in acute toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The measured PAH concentrations in sediments and soils (224–4222 ng/g), runoff water (8.3 μg/l) and air particles (2.3 μg/m³) are discussed in relation to concentrations and patterns found in the surface water bodies. Comparison of PAH levels in sediments and soils led to the conclusion that the erosion of soil material does not contribute significantly to the contamination of sediments. The atmospheric PAH deposition to water bodies in the city area of Hangzhou was estimated to be 530 tons/a, while the contribution of surface runoff water was estimated to be 30.7 tons/a. The ratios of selected PAH were then used to illuminate the possible origin of PAHs in the examined samples (petrogenic, pyrogenic).     

城市道路交通PAHs污染现状及来源解析

分析并讨论了杭州市大气中ＰＡＨｓ的浓度、存在形态及其与车流量、气温、风速、ＮＯ、ＳＯ２总悬微粒浓度之间的关系。结果表明，杭州市城区交通干线空气中ＰＡＨｓ污染十分严重，９种ＰＡＨｓ含量平均达３．３９－１３．８２μｇ／ｍ＾３，其主要排放源为汽车尾气。     

Population Ageing and Sustainable Development Research in China

Abstract

According to the United Nations population projections, the population of the elderly is expected to roughly triple in China from 2000 to 2050, particularly when the generations who were born between the 1950s and 1970s move through the age structure, and also because people are living longer and fertility rates have fallen, population aging is expected to put pressure on government's fiscal balance through higher old-age security benefits and health-care expenditures. This work draws together the broad range of elements involved within a consistent framework, based on a computable dynamic general equilibrium model with an overlapping generation structure. Further analysis using model simulation illustrates that the alternative schemes for the benefit rate, retirement age and technological progress are likely to be beneficial, and that an obvious slow-down in the growth of living standards is likely to be avoided.     

北海冯家江流域地表水体中氮磷营养盐的时空分布特征

冯家江是广西壮族自治区北海市区重要的生态廊道,查明冯家江流域水体中氮磷的污染特征,对掌握冯家江流域地表水体富营养化现状及污染防控等具有重要的现实意义.分别于2018-2019年夏、冬季测定了冯家江流域地表水体中氮磷营养盐浓度及其形态,采用对数型幂函数普适指数和氮磷比评估了该流域地表水体的富营养化程度.结果 表明:冯家江...     

兰州市能源改造前后大气污染对人体健康经济损失评估

采用修正人力资本法及疾病成本法估算了能源改造前后(分别以2003和2008年为基准年)空气污染造成的人体健康经济损失。能源改造前兰州市空气污染对人体健康造成的经济损失为85961万元,占当年GDP的2.0%;能源改造后的经济损失为134613万元,占当年GDP的1.6%。兰州市实施清洁能源改造后空气污染造成的人体健康经济损失占GDP比例有所减少,可为兰州市大气污染防治及疾病预防提供科学依据。