温度作用下膨胀土的胀缩特性及微观机理北大核心CSCD

温度场作为外部环境要素场之一,对膨胀土的水-力学性质具有显著影响。为研究温度对膨胀土胀缩特性的影响规律及微观机理,以南宁膨胀土为对象,开展了不同温度(5~45℃)下膨胀土的浸水膨胀和失水收缩试验,结果表明膨胀土的胀缩特性具有显著的温度效应,其膨胀率随温度升高而增大,温度越高其增大效果越明显;收缩率随温度升高则呈现出先增大后减小的变化规律,存在临界温度“T_(c)=35℃”。在此基础上,基于不同温度(5~45℃)下的吸附结合水试验,从土-水作用角度阐释了膨胀土胀缩特性温度效应的微观机理;随着温度的升高,土中结合水量减小,水膜厚度变薄,从而引起两方面的结果:①土颗粒间的吸力减弱而斥力增加,宏观表现为土体的膨胀性增加;②土颗粒间距变小,促进了土颗粒骨架由松散状态向紧密状态转化,颗粒排列更紧密,收缩性增加,而达到一定温度后,水分蒸发时间较短,土-水作用加剧使得土体骨架没有充足的时间向紧密状态转化,是造成土体收缩性减小的主要原因。     

Bioaccumulation and physiological effects of tetrabromobisphenol A in coontail Ceratophyllum demersum L

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants. In the present study, the accumulation of TBBPA and its consequent biological responses were examined in coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) over 14 days' exposure. Most of the TBBPA was accumulated after 4d exposure and TBBPA concentration in plant increased with increasing TBBPA concentration in growth solution (R(2)=0.99). By using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we found that the TBBPA exposure significantly increased total free radicals generation in the plants. A good positive relationship (R(2)=0.99) was found between the free radicals formation and accumulation level of TBBPA in plant. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced and chlorophyll content showed declined after TBBPA exposure. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and the contents of glutathione were also detected. The results suggest that TBBPA accumulation in C. demersum induces oxidative stress and the level of tolerance depends on the antioxidative capacity of the plants.     

Influence of liquid- and solid-state coupling anaerobic digestion process on methane production of cow manure and rice straw

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Based on the different characteristics of cow manure and rice straw, liquid- and solid-state coupling anaerobic digestion (L-SS-AD) is designed in...     

冶金企业典型事故的系统安全分析

运用安全系统工程原理 ,对冶金企业典型事故原因进行分析 ,并提出预防措施     

环境风洞中动态风速的控制系统

提出了一种基于组态王6 0平台的环境风洞动态风速控制系统的调控方法。使用RS2 32 RS4 85接口和Modbus通讯协议,实现了“组态王”平台与ACS4 0 0变频器间的连接和通讯,通过变频器完成对风洞动力系统的控制,完成了微机监控下环境风洞中正弦型风谱的模拟。为进一步研究各种典型阵风风谱的模拟,提供了研究基础和有效手段。     

Use of structured expert judgment to forecast invasions by bighead and silver carp in Lake Erie

Identifying which nonindigenous species will become invasive and forecasting the damage they will cause is difficult and presents a significant problem for natural resource management. Often, the data or resources necessary for ecological risk assessment are incomplete or absent, leaving environmental decision makers ill equipped to effectively manage valuable natural resources. Structured expert judgment (SEJ) is a mathematical and performance‐based method of eliciting, weighting, and aggregating expert judgments. In contrast to other methods of eliciting and aggregating expert judgments (where, for example, equal weights may be assigned to experts), SEJ weights each expert on the basis of his or her statistical accuracy and informativeness through performance measurement on a set of calibration variables. We used SEJ to forecast impacts of nonindigenous Asian carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in Lake Erie, where it is believed not to be established. Experts quantified Asian carp biomass, production, and consumption and their impact on 4 fish species if Asian carp were to become established. According to experts, in Lake Erie Asian carp have the potential to achieve biomass levels that are similar to the sum of biomasses for several fishes that are harvested commercially or recreationally. However, the impact of Asian carp on the biomass of these fishes was estimated by experts to be small, relative to long term average biomasses, with little uncertainty. Impacts of Asian carp in tributaries and on recreational activities, water quality, or other species were not addressed. SEJ can be used to quantify key uncertainties of invasion biology and also provide a decision‐support tool when the necessary information for natural resource management and policy is not available. El Uso de Juicio Experto Estructurado para Predecir Invasiones de Carpas Asiáticas en el Lago Erie     

动物园部分野生动物馆内空气质量检测

为向动物园预防动物疾病、保障动物健康提供科学依据,采用环境检测方法对南京红山森林动物园的鹦鹉馆、孔雀馆和袋鼠馆进行空气质量检测.结果显示,氨气(NH3)的含量,鹦鹉馆内春、夏、秋、冬分别为2.69、4.61、3.07、5.48 mg/m3,孔雀馆内分别为1.66、0.98、0.66、1.15 mg/m3,袋鼠馆内分别为1.66、2.51、1.47、2.20 mg/m3;硫化氢(H2S)的含量,鹦鹉馆内春、夏、秋、冬分别为0.015 9、0.016 3、0.017 0、0.027 3 mg/m3,孔雀馆内分别为0.029 4、0.077 6、0.050 7、0.036 1 mg/m3,袋鼠馆内分别为0.004 2、0.005 1、0.009 5、0.007 4 mg/m3;细菌总数,鹦鹉馆内春、夏、秋、冬分别为15.40×103、21.53×103、20.91×103、7.73×103cfu/m3,孔雀馆内分别为25.20×103、42.61×103、42.18×103、29.40×103cfu/m3,袋鼠馆内分别为10.70×103、19.8×103、2.86×103、4.34×103cfu/m3.动物舍空气环境中细菌菌落总数、氨气、硫化氢的浓度与温度、湿度呈正相关,与风速呈负相关.空气环境质量也受动物饲养方式、饲养的数量和饲料的质量影响.     

Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors (BLRs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling

Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor （R1） started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate （OLR） of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m3.day）, COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor （R2） started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/（m^3·day）, COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics,biogas compositions, and biogas- lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients （R2 〉 0.95）, which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.     

广东省清远市PM2.5污染天气分型及污染潜在源区分析

利用2016—2021年清远市逐时空气质量监测数据和相关气象资料,基于统计分析、主观天气分型方法和后向轨迹模式（HYSPLIT）,归纳总结粤北代表城市清远市在不同细颗粒物（PM_2.5 ）污染天气分型下的气象要素特征及污染潜在源区特征,为大气污染精细化防控提供有效参考。结果表明：在日均风速＜2m/s、日均相对湿度为75%～90%、日均气温为18～22℃时的无降水或微量降水天气下,清远市易出现PM_2.5 污染。变性高压脊型、脊后槽前型、冷锋前型、弱冷高压脊型、高压底后部型、台风外围型是造成清远市PM_2.5 污染的典型天气型,其中PM_2.5 重度污染均出现在秋、冬季弱冷高压脊型控制下;变性高压脊型下出现PM_2.5 轻度和中度污染的频率最高;脊后槽前型是清远市春季PM_2.5 污染的主要天气型;冷锋前型、高压底后部型和台风外围型下的PM_2.5 污染程度较轻。加剧清远市PM_2.5 污染的主要气流轨迹为弱偏南气流和南北气流辐合,当弱偏南气流控制时,污染潜在源区主要位于清远市辖区及广州、佛山、东莞、江门等珠三角城市;当南北气流辐合时,潜在源区主要位于清远市南部、韶关及珠三角,南岭山脉阻挡作用削弱了偏北方向长距离输送的PM_2.5 污染。     

两性修饰磁化炭对紫色土吸附菲的增强作用

为了验证两性修饰磁化炭材料对紫色土吸附菲的增强作用,采用共沉淀负载Fe_3O_4法和湿法有机负载分别制备了磁化炭(MC)和不同十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰比例的两性修饰磁化炭(BS+MC),将其以1%的质量比加入到紫色土(PS)中,分别形成PS_(MC)和PS_(BS+MC)混合样品,批处理法研究各混合样品对菲的等温吸附和热力学特征,并对比了不同温度、离子强度和pH值对菲吸附的影响。结果表明:(1) MC和BS-MC材料的添加均增强了PS对菲的吸附能力,菲吸附量呈现PS_(200BS+MC)> PS_(150BS+MC)> PS_(100BS+MC)> PS_C> PS_(MC)> PS_(50BS+MC)> PS_(25BS+MC)> PS的趋势,PS_(BS+MC)对菲的吸附量随着添加材料上BS-12修饰比例的增加而增加。(2)菲在各供试土样上的吸附均表现为增温负效应(物理吸附),溶液pH值变化仅对PS_(150BS+MC)和PS_(200BS+MC)吸附菲有显著影响。离子强度增大不利于各供试土样对菲的吸附。(3) Henry模型适用于描述菲在供试土样上的等温吸附,且该过程呈现自发的、焓减和熵增的特征。从PS_C到PS_(MC)再到PS_(BS+MC),吸附过程呈现自发性、放热量和混乱度均增大的特征。