铁改性竹炭去除水中的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)

利用竹炭负载铁氧化物制备了复合吸附剂,并用粉末X射线衍射对负载的铁进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验,对比研究了改性竹炭对水溶液中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)阴离子的吸附特性。结果表明,载铁竹炭对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的最佳吸附pH分别为8和2。改性竹炭对砷阴离子的吸附过程可符合准二级动力。Freundlich等温方程式能很好地描述As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)在改性竹炭上的吸附。在相同初始浓度和吸附剂投加量下,改性竹炭对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量大于As(Ⅲ)。     

Xia Futou's public bathhouse--a sustainable urbanization experiment in a Chinese village

Xia Futou, a small Chinese village with a unique cultural landscape, consists of two unbalanced parts, an old village up the hill and a new one down the hill. In order to upgrade and preserve the unique cultural landscape of the older village and rebalance the dislocation of the two parts, a small public bathhouse project has been carried out according to sustainable architecture principles. Based on the current cultural landscape of the bathhouse and its surroundings, this approach is attempting to localize an informed, balance-seeking, design process in the village and in so doing develop a series of diverse possibilities and beneficial paths. The experiment of the public bathhouse's design and construction led to two key conceptual questions that need to be examined, the one is to research a village with a dynamic system conception instead of a static one; the other is to research a village with a self-organizing system conception1 instead of an organized one. Furthermore, we can give the sustainable path for the future that such naturally evolved Chinese villages evolve into sustainable towns and cities.     

煤粉固硫燃烧的动力学研究

采用新汶、阳泉原煤作为实验用煤,选择Ca（OH）2作为主固硫剂,考察了Ca／S的变化对燃煤固硫燃烧特性以及动力学参数的影响,采用碳酸盐、氯化物和氢氧化物3大系列化学试剂作为添加剂,在Ca／S为1.5的条件下,考察了它们对Ca（OH）2固硫能力的影响,以及固硫煤粉的燃烧特性和动力学参数的变化,实验表明：1）碳酸钾添加剂的助固硫作用明显,将固硫率提高了14％左右;2）固硫剂Ca（OH）2的加入使Arrhenius曲线斜率增大,明显提高了燃烧反应的活化能;3）随着Ca／S的增加,原煤的着火点和结束点、活化能有逐渐增大的趋势;4）添加剂对原煤燃烧特性的影响并不显著,但对活化能的影响却十分明显,添加剂的加入有效地降低了燃烧反应的活化能。     

聚丙烯酰胺降解菌的分离和鉴定

三次采油产生的大量含聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的污水急需处理,其核心问题是PAM的生物化学降解。文章叙述了从含聚合物油田污水中分离到七株PAM降解菌的过程,并对其营养物体系进行了初步研究及分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,分离到的七株菌可以以PAM为唯一氮源和碳源进行生长,但是生长速度较慢,添加液蜡或酵母膏等可导致微生物菌群的共代谢,能加快PAM的生物降解。七株菌分别归类于放线杆菌纲和α-变形菌纲及芽孢杆菌,与数据库中已知菌的同源性均超过98%。     

Sodium citrate and biochar synergistic improvement of nanoscale zero-valent iron composite for the removal of chromium (Ⅵ) in aqueous solutions

Sodium citrate (SC) is a widely-used food and industrial additive with the properties of complexation and microbial degradation. In the present study, nano-zero-valent iron reaction system ([email protected]) was successfully established by modifying nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with SC and biochar (BC), and was employed to remove Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions. The nZVI, SC-nZVI and [email protected] were characterized and compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that nZVI was successfully loaded on the biochar, and both the agglomeration and surface passivation problems of nanoparticles were well resolved. The dosage of SC, C:Fe, initial pH and Cr(Ⅵ) concentration demonstrated direct effects on the removal efficiency. The maximum Cr(Ⅵ) removal rate and the removal capacity within 60 min were 99.7% and 199.46 mg/g, respectively (C:Fe was 1:1, SC dosage was 1.12 mol.%, temperature was 25°C, pH = 7, and the original concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) was 20 mg/L). The reaction confirmed to follow the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics, and the order of the reaction rate constant k was as follows: [email protected] > [email protected] > SC-nZVI > nZVI. In addition, the mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) removal by [email protected] mainly involved adsorption, reduction and co-precipitation, and the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) by nano Fe⁰ played a vital role. Findings from the present study demonstrated that the [email protected] exhibited excellent removal efficiency toward Cr(Ⅵ) with an improved synergistic characteristic by SC and BC.