Production and characterization of KOH-activated carbon derived from polychlorinated biphenyl residue generated by the sodium dispersion process

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from the sodium dispersion (SD) process were employed as the raw materials for the production of activated carbon using KOH activation. The pore properties, such as the specific surface area and pore size distribution, were characterized using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the Horvath–Kawazoe method based on the N₂ adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The activated carbon produced showed similar adsorption capacities and specific surface areas to the commercially available product. The effects of the activation conditions on the porosity of the activated carbon produced were studied. The most significant factor affecting the specific surface proved to be the activation temperature. The activated carbon produced from PCB residues from the high-temperature (423–443 K) SD process had a binary pore size distribution well developed in the 4 nm region and in the micropore region. The pore structure of the carbon produced from PCB residues from the low-temperature (333–393 K) SD process had a wide range of micropores and mesopores.     

磨料水射流切割与其它方法切割对金相组织影响的试验研究

本文以２０＃优质碳素结构钢为试件，介绍了磨料水射流切割与其它方法切割对金相组织影响的试验。试验结果表明，磨料水射流切割无热影响区。     

Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in retail foods and an assessment of dietary intake for local population of Shenzhen in China

OBJECTIVES: Concentrations of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 11 varieties of food groups collected from retail market of Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China from 2004 to 2006. PCDD/Fs and PCBs dietary intake from varies food for the local population was estimated in the study. METHODS: Concentrations of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as 6 marker PCBs were measured in 11 varieties of food groups in total 110 food samples by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS. PCDD/Fs and PCBs dietary intake for local population was estimated using total WHO-TEQ concentration and different food consumption amount of the local population. RESULTS: The median WHO-TEQ concentrations of sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs varied from 0.0093 pg/g (parts per trillion) in vegetable to 9.89 pg/g in fish. Fish was followed by egg 2.46, chicken 1.73, beef 0.94, mutton 0.82, duck 0.39, pork 0.37, milk powder 0.25, vegetable oil 0.076, cereals 0.022 pg/g and vegetable. The monthly intake of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were 40.9 pg WHO-TEQ/kg b.w. for local population. Sum of fish, livestock, and poultry contributed 77% to the Estimated Monthly Intake (EMI) in local population. CONCLUSION: Estimated dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs for local population was below the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI) set by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).     

菌株N-1对萘的降解特性研究

从石油污染的土壤中分离到1株能够较好降解萘的菌株N1,它能以萘为唯一碳源生长,初步鉴定为微球菌属(Micrococcussp.),其最适生长条件为35℃,pH8.0.采用HPLC研究了不同转速、氮源和微量元素浓度对N1降解萘的影响,结果表明,转速180rmin-1,氮源NH4NO3(1000mgL-1),微量元素0.1%时为最佳降解条件.最后对不同浓度萘的降解效率进行了比较.图2参8     

某些绿藻对镉的富集作用及其毒性反应

研究了两种绿藻——蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻对镉污染的反应以及对镉吸收富集的规律.结果表明,绿藻对镉有较强的富集能力,毒性敏感,随着体内镉浓度的增加,生长及发育受阻,是较好的监测植物.     

表面活性剂AE降解菌株的分离筛选及鉴定

为处理高浓度表面活性剂废水,从表面活性剂生产厂污泥中筛选到5个较好的能降解高浓度表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AE)的菌株.测定了菌株对环境温度、pH值、氧的要求,最适宜生长条件为温度28 ℃,pH值7～9;除J-3菌株为兼性好氧菌以外,其余均为好氧菌.对5个菌株分别进行纯培养后,进行了电子显微镜观察,并根据菌落特征、菌体形态和生理生化反应进行了菌种鉴定.鉴定结果为 J-1,J-4为气单胞菌, J-2为微球菌,J-3为枸缘酸杆菌,J-5为腐败假单胞菌.用水绵指示法测定了菌株对AE的降解效率为5.71-15.71 mg/(L@d).     

基于物联网的智能化安全仿真实训研究

结合物联网技术,介绍一种智能化安全仿真实训技术,通过对培训关键控制指标的筛选以及感知元件的应用,研发了安全仿真实训项目的感知层设计方案,以及多项目间的培训状态数据匹配技术,形成了系统的智能化安全仿真实训技术方案。通过与当前普遍应用的安全仿真实训技术进行对比,该技术方案能够有效提升培训考核的客观性,提高安全仿真实训实施效率,更好满足企业需求。     

Effects of adding bulking agents on the biodrying of kitchen waste and the odor emissions produced

The effects of adding a bulking agent on the performance and odor emissions(ammonia and eight sulfur-containing odorous compounds) when biodrying kitchen waste were investigated. Three treatments were considered: the addition of either cornstalks(CS) or wood peat(WP) to kitchen waste as a bulking agent before biodrying, and a control treatment(CK). The water-removal rates for CK, CS, and WP treatments were 0.35, 0.56, and0.43 kg/kg, respectively. Addition of bulking agents to kitchen waste produced less leachate,higher moisture-removal rates, and lower consumption of volatile solids. The CS treatment had the highest biodrying index(4.07), and those for the WP and CK treatments were 3.67 and 1.97, respectively. Adding cornstalks or wood peat decreased NH3 emissions by 55.8%and 71.7%, respectively. Total sulfur losses were 3.6%–21.6% after 21 days biodrying, and H2 S and Me2 SS were the main( 95%) sulfur compounds released. The smallest amounts of sulfur-containing odorous compounds were emitted when cornstalks were added, and adding cornstalks and wood peat decreased total sulfur losses by 50.6%–64.8%.     

我国垃圾渗滤液处理存在问题及对策分析

分析了垃圾渗滤液的特点以及在垃圾渗滤液管理方面存在的问题。指出了我国垃圾渗滤液处理面临的技术难点。从环境技术管理以及工程技术开发方面进行了分析,以期为我国垃圾渗滤液的管理与控制提供支持。     

机械工业生产污水处理技术研究

针对机械工业生产废水污染物成分复杂,且可生化性差的特点,确定处理工艺为物化＋A／O生化＋化学法,并在实际工程的调试和使用过程中展开对机械工业污水的处理技术研究。得到了很好的处理效果,为污水处理设计,工程建设和运行管理提供了有价值的经验数据。