赤泥-电石渣-磷石膏固化铜污染土性能

为了研究在浸泡条件下赤泥-电石渣-磷石膏3种固废物混合料对铜污染土的固化效果,本文对其混合料固化土的无侧限抗压强度、应力-应变、重金属形态、浸出毒性及微观结构进行了检测.结果表明,固化土强度随养护龄期的增加而增大,且掺加固废物对其强度有明显改善作用.混合料固化土中铜的存在形式以铁锰氧化态为主,其浸出毒性随龄期增加而降低,且其浓度值均低于水泥固化土.此外,混合料固化土中水化产物以水化硅酸钙/水化硅铝酸钙和钙矾石为代表.水化产物对固化土内部结构起填充作用,可改善固化土强度.同时,水化硅酸钙/水化硅铝酸钙对铜离子有吸附作用,钙矾石可与铜离子发生阳离子置换作用.因此,固废物的添加可对铜离子产生固化作用.     

重庆市春季大气颗粒物浓度的对比监测分析

通过2012年春季在重庆大气超级站进行的PM10和PM2.5手工采样与自动仪器的对比监测,分析了自动监测与手工监测的一致性及造成偏差的原因,并对PM2.5与PM10浓度的比值关系进行了分析。结果表明:MP101M型颗粒物自动监测仪用于监测PM10时系统性误差偏高,仪器初始精密度存在负偏差;用于监测PM2.5时系统性误差在允许范围之内,仪器初始精密度存在较大负偏差;PM10和PM2.5的手工采样和自动仪器监测值之变化趋势具有非常高的一致性;PM2.5与PM10浓度比值范围在56.5%～90.4%,平均比值为(73.8±7.4)%。     

pH对污水污泥中污染物浸出的影响

研究pH对污泥中污染物浸出的影响可以为投海过程中海洋水体酸碱性变化对污泥中污染物浸出的影响及其变化规律提供理论依据。为了得出不同pH值对污泥中污染物浸出的影响,采用CEN/TS 14429：2005浸出实验对上海5个污水处理厂脱水污泥中重金属、溶解性有机碳、溶解性硫化物和主要离子的浸出情况进行了研究,同时分别以超纯水和海水为浸提剂研究在相应pH范围内盐度对上述指标浸出的影响。结果表明,Zn、Cd、Pb和As在酸性和碱性条件下浸出量较高,在中性或接近中性条件下浸出量则最低,且海水中Zn和Cd的浸出量比超纯水中高;Cu在碱性条件下的浸出量明显比酸性条件高;在所研究的pH范围内,5个污泥样品中溶解性有机碳的浸出量均随pH的升高而增高;仅酸挥发性硫含量最高的S5在海水中有较明显的溶解性硫化物浸出;部分污泥样品中的氮在酸性纯水中有较高的浸出量,海水中浸出量较少;而无论海水或纯水中,磷在强酸和强碱条件下均有明显浸出。     

产表面活性剂菌筛选及其对柴油降解影响研究

运用微生物培养方法,从饭店排污口污泥中筛选了7株产表面活性剂菌株。为了研究产表面活性剂菌在柴油降解过程中所产生的影响,分别将这些菌株与柴油降解菌(实验室提取的另一株假单胞菌)共同作用,其中一株(B_(26))不但可以将降解诱导期从6 d缩短至4 d,而且能将降解率由原来的71.1%提高至80.6%,具有较大的研究价值。实验着重对B_(26)的作用机理、柴油降解的影响因素等进行了分析研究。经形态学和生理生化实验鉴定,B_(26)属于芽孢菌属,其代谢过程中产生脂肽类表面活性剂,利用冷冻干燥法提取生物表面活性剂产量为1.57 g/L。     

Windsor, Ontario exposure assessment study: design and methods validation of personal, indoor, and outdoor air pollution monitoring

The Windsor, Ontario Exposure Assessment Study evaluated the contribution of ambient air pollutants to personal and indoor exposures of adults and asthmatic children living in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In addition, the role of personal, indoor, and outdoor air pollution exposures upon asthmatic children's respiratory health was assessed. Several active and passive sampling methods were applied, or adapted, for personal, indoor, and outdoor residential monitoring of nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter (PM; PM < or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5] and < or = 10 microm [PM10] in aerodynamic diameter), elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, ozone, air exchange rates, allergens in settled dust, and particulate-associated metals. Participants completed five consecutive days of monitoring during the winter and summer of 2005 and 2006. During 2006, in addition to undertaking the air pollution measurements, asthmatic children completed respiratory health measurements (including peak flow meter tests and exhaled breath condensate) and tracked respiratory symptoms in a diary. Extensive quality assurance and quality control steps were implemented, including the collocation of instruments at the National Air Pollution Surveillance site operated by Environment Canada and at the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality site in Allen Park, Detroit, MI. During field sampling, duplicate and blank samples were also completed and these data are reported. In total, 50 adults and 51 asthmatic children were recruited to participate, resulting in 922 participant days of data. When comparing the methods used in the study with standard reference methods, field blanks were low and bias was acceptable, with most methods being within 20% of reference methods. Duplicates were typically within less than 10% of each other, indicating that study results can be used with confidence. This paper covers study design, recruitment, methodology, time activity diary, surveys, and quality assurance and control results for the different methods used.     

溶解氧和有机碳源对同步硝化反硝化的影响

利用SBR反应器,探讨了溶解氧(DO)和有机碳源(COD)对同步硝化好氧反硝化的影响.结果表明,DO范围在0.5～0.6 mg/L时最适合于同步硝化好氧反硝化脱氮.在同步硝化反硝化过程中出现了亚硝酸盐氮的积累,推断经由短程硝化反硝化途径.总氮的去除率随着COD/N(碳氮比)的增加而增加,当COD/N为10.05时,总氮去除率最高可达70.39%.继续增加碳氮比时,总氮去除率增加不多,并且还会导致硝化作用不完全.当存在足够的易降解有机碳源时,能发生完全的好氧反硝化作用.     

PVA-Ca(NO3)2法固定化氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Fe2+的氧化及动力学研究

把聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠和氧化亚铁硫杆菌混合水溶胶滴入1%～5%(质量分数)的Ca(NO3)2溶液中凝固成型,并把成型后的颗粒置低温冷冻,形成固定化颗粒.用该颗粒填充固定床生物反应器进行连续操作,考察了不同稀释率下固定床生化反应器氧化Fe2 的情况,在温度30 ℃、pH1.8、稀释率0.5 h-1条件下,Fe2 最大氧化速率达2.90 g/(L·h).而且固定化操作简单,即使在没有灭菌的情况下,稳定性保持良好,具有较好的应用前景.     

生物体内环形挥发性甲基硅氧烷的分布、行为及效应研究进展

近年来,环形挥发性甲基硅氧烷(cVMSs)因其优异的物化特性而被广泛应用在工业生产和日常生活的各个方面,特别是经常被添加到个人护理品(PCPs)等各类消费品中.目前,人们对cVMSs在环境介质中的污染水平及其迁移转化行为有了一定的了解.另外,cVMSs兼有疏水性和挥发性,且难以进行生物降解,因此该类物质进入环境后潜在的...     

Iron plaque effects on selenium and cadmium stabilization in Cd-contaminated seleniferous rice seedlings

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dietary intake of selenium (Se)-enriched rice has benefit for avoiding Se-deficient disease, but there is a risk of excessive cadmium (Cd) intake....