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121.
Hossein Mousazadeh Alireza Keyhani Hossein Mobli Ugo Bardi Ginevra Lombardi Toufic el Asmar 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(9):781-790
The RAMseS project, financed by the European Commission under the 6th framework Program, has the purpose of developing a solar powered agricultural vehicle in order to replace the conventional vehicles based on internal combustion engines (ICE). In the present study, we report a comparison of life-cycle emission between two systems; a conventional ICE vehicle (ICEV) and the RAMseS electrical vehicle (EV). The study has been conducted by designing a specific model and using the SimaPro software. The results show that the RAMseS system is considerably more environmentally friendly than conventional ICE based system and that, specifically, it can avoid the emission of about 23 ton of CO2equ per year. Regarding all other pollutants, we found that the RAMseS system is 2.6 times more efficient than the ICEV. The main contribution to emissions of the RAMseS system is due to the batteries which contribute for a 73% of the total. Therefore, further improvement can be obtained with the use of more advanced battery systems, not based on lead. 相似文献
122.
Hossein Ghiassian Gholamreza Poorebrahim Donald H Gray 《Waste management & research》2004,22(2):108-114
A root or fibre-reinforced soil behaves as a composite material in which fibres of relatively high tensile strength are embedded in a matrix of relatively plastic soil. Shear stresses in the soil mobilize tensile resistance in the fibres, which in turn impart greater strength to the soil. A research project has been undertaken to study the influence of synthetic fibrous materials for improving the strength characteristics of a fine sandy soil. One of the main objectives of the project is to explore the conversion of fibrous carpet waste into a value-added product for soil reinforcement. Drained triaxial tests were conducted on specimens, which were prepared in a cylindrical mould and compacted at their optimum water contents. The main test variables included the aspect ratio and the weight percentage of the fibrous strips. The results clearly show that fibrous inclusions derived from carpet wastes improve the shear strength of silty sands. A model developed to simulate the effect of the fibrous inclusions accurately predicts the influence of strip content, aspect ratio and confining pressure on the shear strength of reinforced sand. 相似文献
123.
CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emission and economic growth of Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amin Yousefi-Sahzabi Kyuro Sasaki Hossein Yousefi Yuichi Sugai 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(1):63-82
This research investigates the relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth of Iran over 14 years from 1994 to 2007 using a national panel data set. The statistical and
emission intensity methodologies are used for analyzing the data series. The study finds evidence supporting parameters which
conclude the stability of significant correlation between CO2 emission and economic development over time during the years under investigation in Iran. This relationship is investigated
and discussed for the energy sectors of the country as well. The results confirm that in all sectors except of agricultural,
there is a positive strong correlation between CO2 emission and economic growth throughout the study period. In most sectors, CO2 emission intensity (the emission per unit of GDP) doesn’t show increasing trends while the absolute emission is rapidly increasing
by the economic growth. 相似文献
124.
Hossein?AkbarzadehEmail author Richard?J.?Chalaturnyk 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(4):577-594
Underground coal gasification (UCG) has been identified as an environmentally friendly technique for gasification of deep un-mineable coal seams in situ. This technology has the potential to be a clean and promising energy provider from coal seams with minimal greenhouse gas emission. The UCG eliminates the presence of coal miners underground hence, it is believed to be a much safer technique compared to the deep coal mining method. The UCG includes drilling injection and production wells into the coal seam, igniting coal, and injecting oxygen-based mix to facilitate coal gasification. Produced syngas is extracted from the production well. Evolution of a cavity created from the gasification process along with high temperature as well as change in pore fluid pressure causes mechanical changes to the coal and surrounding formations. Therefore, simulation of the gasification process alone is not sufficient to represent this complex thermal-hydro-chemical–mechanical process. Instead, a coupled flow and geomechanical modeling can help better represent the process by allowing simultaneous observation of the syngas production, advancement of the gasification chamber, and the cavity growth. Adaptation of such a coupled simulation would aid in optimization of the UCG process while helping controlling and mitigating the environmental risks caused by geomechanical failure and syngas loss to the groundwater. This paper presents results of a sequentially coupled flow-geomechanical simulation of a three-dimensional (3D) UCG example using the numerical methodology devised in this study. The 3D model includes caprock on top, coal seam in the middle, and another layer of rock underneath. Gasification modeling was conducted in the Computer Modelling Group Ltd. (CMG)’s Steam, Thermal, and Advanced processes Reservoir Simulator (STARS). Temperature and fluid pressure of each grid block as well as the cavity geometry, at the timestep level, were passed from the STARS to the geomechanical simulator i.e. the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions (FLAC3D) computer program (from the Itasca Consulting Group Inc.). Key features of the UCG process which were investigated herein include syngas flow rate, cavity growth, temperature and pressure profiles, porosity and permeability changes, and stress and deformation in coal and rock layers. It was observed that the coal matrix deformed towards the cavity, displacement and additional stress happened, and some blocks in the coal and rock layers mechanically failed. 相似文献
125.
126.
Sheikhzadeh Hassan Hamidian Amir Hossein 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(10):3749-3869
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in fish tissues is an important factor in monitoring the health and safety of aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, fish are... 相似文献
127.
Hatami Manesh Masoud Haghshenas Arash Mirzaei Mohsen Azadi Hossein Marofi Safar 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(10):3897-3919
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of compounds of major environmental concern, which are in the class of persistent organic... 相似文献
128.
Hossein Reza Darabi Mohammad Reza Poorheravi Kioumars Aghapoor Asyeh Mirzaee Farshid Mohsenzadeh Nazafarin Asadollahnejad Hossein Taherzadeh Yadollah Balavar 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(1):5-12
Heterogeneous catalysts are used for control of environmental pollution. Heterogeneous catalysts are easily separated from
the reaction mixture, thus allowing their recovery and re-use. There is a need for catalysts that are efficient under mild
conditions. Here, we show that silica-supported antimony(III) chloride (SbCl3/SiO2) acts as a highly efficient heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for the Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis at room temperature. We
found that condensation of hexane-2,5-dione with aromatic and aliphatic primary amines in hexane using SbCl3/SiO2 with 7.6 wt% SbCl3 was the best reaction condition. The silica support facilitated the workup of the reaction mixture and provided a reusable
catalyst at least for 7 runs without significant loss in activity. Indeed, the yield was 98% for the first run and 84% for
the 7th run. We conclude that low catalyst loading, operational simplicity, practicability and applicability to various substrates
make this reaction an interesting alternative to previously applied procedures. From the environmental standpoint, this eco-friendly
catalyst is stable, highly active, easy to prepare and handle. 相似文献
129.
Hossein Reza Darabi Kioumars Aghapoor Abbas Darestani Farahani Farshid Mohsenzadeh 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(4):369-375
This investigation discloses a greener reaction to prepare pyrrole derivatives. Metal-free catalysts are greener alternatives to existing metal catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. Indeed, transition metals are often costly and toxic. They may be found as traces in health reaction products such as pharmaceuticals. Alternatively small organic molecules termed “organocatalysts” allow the synthesis of valuable products without traces of toxic metals. Here, we show for the first time the use of vitamin B1 as new organocatalyst for the Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis under ambient conditions. Reaction conditions were optimized for the reaction of hexane-2,5-dione with 4-methoxyaniline. Ethanol was the most effective solvent. The conversion was quantitative using vitamin B1, by comparison with a low yield of 30?% without catalysis. The best conditions were performed in ethanol with 5?mol % of vitamin B1 during 1?h. This reaction was tested using various aromatic amines. To conclude the use of vitamin B1 for the Paal–Knorr pyrrole, cyclocondensation has mild reaction conditions, is simple to perform, and gives moderate to excellent yields. It is therefore a promising reaction for the preparation of various pyrrole derivatives. 相似文献
130.
Turbulent velocity profile in fully-developed open channel flows 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hossein Bonakdari Frédérique Larrarte Laurent Lassabatere Claude Joannis 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2008,8(1):1-17
The determination of velocity profile in turbulent narrow open channels is a difficult task due to the significant effects
of the anisotropic turbulence that involve the Prandtl’s second type of secondary flow occurring in the cross section. With
these currents the maximum velocity appears below the free surface that is called dip phenomenon. The well-known logarithmic
law describes the velocity distribution in the inner region of the turbulent boundary layer but it is not adapted to define
the velocity profile in the outer region of narrow channels. This paper relies on an analysis of the Navier–Stokes equations
and yields a new formulation of the vertical velocity profile in the center region of steady, fully developed turbulent flows
in open channels. This formulation is able to predict time averaged primary velocity in the outer region of the turbulent
boundary layer for both narrow and wide open channels. The proposed law is based on the knowledge of the aspect ratio and
involves a parameter CAr depending on the position of the maximum velocity (ξdip). ξdip may be derived, either from measurements or from an empirical equation given in this paper. A wide range of longitudinal
velocity profile data for narrow open channels has been used for validating the model. The agreement between the measured
and the computed velocities is rather good, despite the simplification used. 相似文献