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61.
Rheological Investigation of Wood-Polypropylene Composites in Rotational Plate Rheometer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ehsan Soury Amir Hossein Behravesh Ghaus M. Rizvi Nathan Jafarian Jam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(4):998-1006
In this research work, the rheological properties of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC) with some selected compositions are investigated. WPC is being recognized as a green composite that, in the past 20?years, has emerged to a commercial product. A study on rheological properties of these materials can give insight into the proper selection of composition and processing condition. Two grades of polypropylene (PP) with two different melt flow indexes (MFI) were selected to prepare WPCs with three different wood contents (50, 60 and 70?% wt.). Four types of rheological experiments were performed utilizing a rotational plate rheometer: (1) strain sweep, (2) frequency sweep, (3) temperature sweep and (4) steady shear rate sweep. The independent variables were chosen as wood content, MFI of polymer (two types), melt temperature, frequency or shear rate, the gap between the plates, and strain percentage. The strain sweep tests specified the linear and non-linear viscoelastic zones of each experiment. The results of frequency sweep experiments indicated that increasing the wood content and frequency and also decreasing the strain percentage and the gap distance, lead to an increase in the storage modulus. Regarding the loss modulus, wood percentage and the gap distance presented positive effects and strain percentage showed a negative effect. The behavior of complex viscosity was almost similar to that of the storage modulus but increasing the frequency caused a decrease in the complex viscosity. In case of temperature sweep experiments, it was observed that the rheological properties exhibit a rapid change near to a temperature of 160?°C. The results also showed that beyond this point, increasing the wood content and also MFI of polypropylene caused an increase in the storage modulus. The results of steady shear rate sweep experiments specified that increasing wood content and also decreasing the MFI of PP, the gap distance and shear rate lead to an increase in both viscosity and shear stress. 相似文献
62.
Yousef Mohammadian Ali Akbar Saboor Yaraghi Hossein Kakooei Mohammad Hajaghazadeh 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):1037-1047
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have found numerous applications in various industries. Recently, adverse effects of these materials on human and animal cells in vitro have been reported. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and chrysotile asbestos in human lung epithelial cells has been studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The cells were exposed for 6 h and 24 h to between 0.97 and 1500 μg mL?1 of CNTs and chrysotile fibers prepared in two culture media containing 5% serum and 0.5% dimethylsulfoxide. Dose–response curves were obtained to determine the nonobservable adverse effect concentration and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50). The way of dispersion affects the cytotoxicity of CNTs. For MWCNT, the toxicological indexes were lower than for SWCNT. Chrysotile fibers were even less cytotoxic than CNTs. Therefore, workplace control measures are recommended as priority for occupational and environmental conditions. 相似文献
63.
Hadei Mostafa Mesdaghinia Alireza Nabizadeh Ramin Mahvi Amir Hossein Rabbani Shahram Naddafi Kazem 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(11):13055-13071
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study has systematically reviewed all of the research articles about the photocatalytic degradation of pesticides using titanium dioxide (TiO2)... 相似文献
64.
The study of heavy metals’ redistribution between different fractions allows to know their bioavailability and mobility in soils. Soil samples were collected from a lead mine in Hamadan provinces, NW Iran. In a factorial experiment soil was treated with cow, sheep and poultry manures (20?g?kg?1 soil) separately and incubated near field capacity at 10°C and 37°C. An untreated soil (as control) was also incubated at the same temperatures. After 0 and 120 days, a sequential extraction scheme was used to fractionate Pb of incubated samples into soluble-exchangeable (Sol-Exch), organic matter associated (AOM), carbonates associated (ACar), and residual (Res) forms. Soil Pb in Sol-Exch and AOM fractions were increased by manure application significantly. The AOM and ACar forms of Pb were higher in soils treated with the manures and incubated in lower temperature. In contrast, the Sol-Exch and Res chemical forms of Pb were higher in the soils incubated at 37°C. These results may be related to the higher calcium carbonate dissolution and organic matter decomposition because of better biological activity in the soils incubated in higher temperature. The increase of the Res fraction (stable form) in this condition may resulted in lower toxicity and mobility in soil environment. 相似文献
65.
In this study, kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of phenolic wastewater in immobilized photocatalytic reactor was investigated. Immobilization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano powders on concrete surfaces were accomplished with epoxy concrete sealer. Kinetics of photocatalytic reactions has been proposed to follow the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model in different initial phenol concentration, pH, and UV lamp intensity. First-order reaction kinetics with respect to the pollutant concentration was obtained for the reaction. Effect of UV lamp intensity showed that kinetic constants were proportional to the power of 0.73–1 of the photonic flow. In all cases kinetic constant increases as pH of the system reached up to 12 units. Several reaction intermediates were identified using the GC/Mass analysis. Products at the initial stage of the reaction were aromatic compounds, contained hydroquinone, benzoquinone, and catechol. These intermediates underwent further photocatalytic oxidation to aliphatic compounds and finally into CO2 and H2O after 4?h. Kinetic constants of intermediate compounds were determined using mathematical–chemical equations and nonlinear regression. Data showed that the differences between the mathematical model and Langmuir–Hinshelwood model for the kinetic constant was less than 5%. 相似文献
66.
Hossein Kamani Mohammad Hoseini Gholam Hossein Safari Jalil Jaafari Amir Hossein Mahvi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5059-5067
In this study, measurements of the trace metals Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Fe and Al were performed on 53 wet atmospheric precipitation samples (snow and rainwater) collected at a central site of Tehran. Samples were collected using a bulk sampler equipped with a high-density polyethylene funnel from November to May in 2011 and 2012 on the roof of a building in the city centre. Trace metals in the filtered samples were measured with ICP-MS. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that Al, which is principally a crustal-derived element, was the highest mean measured concentration. The pH ranged from 4.2 to 7.1 with a mean value of 5.1. Crustal enrichment factors (EFc) related to the relative abundance of elements in crustal material was calculated using Al as reference crustal. EFc calculations indicated that samples were not enriched with Fe and Cr but were, fairly to extremely, enriched with Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu. Factor component analysis with varimax-normalized rotation was conducted to find the probable sources of the measured species. This resulted in two factors with eigenvalues greater than unity. Factor 1 showed an anthropogenic source, mostly industrial combustion and local traffic emissions, for Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cu while factor 2 showed a crustal contribution for Al, Fe and Cr. 相似文献
67.
68.
Hossein Kakooei Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri Hossein-Ali Karbasi 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2006,12(4):443-449
Evaluation of personal inhalation exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) among 39 employees, working in the window fixation and window glue processes in an automobile manufacturing company was performed. This study was conducted for both case and control groups. After sampling and sample preparation processes, MDI was determined with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 590 nm; the lung function was assessed with a digital spirometer, too. The average concentration of MDI in the window fixation, and window glue workplaces were 34.53 and 27.37 micro g/m3, respectively, which was lower than the threshold limit value (TLV) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (51 micro g/m3). Respiratory symptoms in the exposed group were significantly different compared to the unexposed group (p < .05). Lung capacities in the case group were lower than in the control group (p < .05). Therefore, MDI can be easily measured making it possible to evaluate the adverse effects caused by occupational exposure. 相似文献
69.
Eftekhari Mohammad Akrami Mehran Gheibi Mohammad Azizi-Toupkanloo Hossein Fathollahi-Fard Amir Mohammad Tian Guangdong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43999-44021
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this paper, folic acid–coated graphene oxide nanocomposite (FA-GO) is used as an adsorbent for the treatment of heavy metals including... 相似文献
70.