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831.
Forest succession is the base of establishing restoration reference which plays an important role in forest restoration and restoration estimation. The study presented the establishment of a Markov successional model (MSM) and its application to restoration reference in lower subtropical forest in China. The compositions of successional system in MSM were divided into three species types: pioneering pine trees, heliophytic trees and mesophytic trees. The successional system was divided into three subsystems: early successional stage, mid-successional stage and late-successional stage. Based on the site survey on the changes in the species and their individuals in 25 years, the transition matrices in various subsystems were determined. The predicted results were used to establish the restoration reference of the vegetation restoration in lower subtropical China. According to the ecological restoration reference established in this study, it would take 150 years for the forest to change from pioneer to mature communities in the region. Successional change of tree composition was forecast by the model, and the scenario forecast by the model reflects the actual conditions observed through 52 years of long-term permanent site research. The restoration experience in the region matches the forecast results. The application of a restoration reference model indicates that forest restoration can be accelerated by taking measures which change forest structure. The above results imply that a restoration reference established on the rule of regional forest succession could be very useful not only in directing, but also in assessing and managing regional forest restoration. Previously, one “ideal reference ecosystem” was used as a restoration reference in all correlative studies. In this study, the restoration “process” was used as the restoration reference. 相似文献
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湿式氧化法处理乐果废水 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
采用湿式氧化法对乐果生产废水进行预处理,氧化温度230-240℃,压力6.0-7.0MPa,废水停留时间1h在此条件下,有机磷的去除率可达95%以上,有机硫的去经可达82%,废水经湿式氧化,回收磷酸盐后再经生化处理,保持COD与有机硫的比值大于25:1,COD去除率可达90%。 相似文献
834.
以硫化砷渣为原料,用氯化铜酸性溶液浸出砷渣的全湿法进行实验,着重研究氯化铜浸出砷的过程中氯化铜用量、溶液p H和浸出时间对砷浸出率的影响,探讨用氯化亚锡还原砷盐酸溶液从硫化砷渣得到单质砷的方法。 相似文献
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837.
Deyin Hou Jun Wang Changwei Zhao Baoqiang Wang Zhaokun Luan Xiangcheng Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(12):1860-1867
The direct contact membrane distillation applied for fluoride removal from brackish groundwater was investigated.The self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibited high rejection of inorganic salt solutes.The maximum permeate flux 35.6 kg/(m2 ·hr) was obtained with the feed solution at 80°C and the cold distillate water at 20°C.The feed concentration had no significant impact on the permeate flux and the rejection in fluoride.The precipitation of CaCO3 would clog the hollow fiber inlets and foul the membrane surface with increasing concentration factor when natural groundwater was used directly as the feed,which resulted in a rapid decline in the module efficiency.This phenomenon was diminished by acidification of the feed.The experimental results showed that the permeate flux and the quality of obtained distillate kept stable before concentration factor reached 5.0 with the acidified groundwater as feed.The membrane module efficiency began to decline gradually when the feed continued to be concentrated,which can be mainly attributed to the formation of CaF2 deposits on the membrane surface.In addition,a 300 hr continuous fluoride removal experiment of acidified groundwater was carried out with concentration factor at 4.0,the permeate flux kept stable and the permeate fluoride was not detected. 相似文献
838.
Xiaojing Ren Changwei Zhao Songshan Du Tao Wang Zhaokun Luan Jun Wang Deyin Hou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(9):1335-1341
The feasibility of employing nanofiltration for the removal of chromium(VI) from wastewater was investigated. Poly (m-phenylene
isophthalamide) (PMIA) was used to fabricate asymmetric nanofiltration membrane through the phase-inversion technique. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the obtained membrane, and the both
confirmed a much smoother surface which could reduce membrane fouling. The PMIA membrane showed di erent rejections to
electrolytes in a sequence of Na2SO4 > MgSO4 > NaCl > MgCl2, which was similar to the sequence of the negatively charged
nanofiltration membranes. Separation experiments on chromium(VI) solution were conducted at various operating conditions, such
as feed concentration, applied pressure and pH. It is concluded that chromium(VI) could be e ectively removed from chromiumcontaining
wastewater by the PMIA nanofiltration membranes while maintaining their pollution resistance under alkaline condition. 相似文献
839.
上海市用水量与经济发展的关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取上海市1998~2006年的用水量、经济数据,通过人均GDP与人均用水量之间的关系,探索上海市用水量与经济发展是否存在环境库兹涅茨曲线关系,剖析上海市经济增长与用水量的演变规律,结果表明:上海市经济增长与用水量之间不符合一般的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征,重新建立了曲线模型,通过模型计量分析,人均总用水量,人均农业用水量,人均生活用水量与人均GDP曲线均为“U+倒U”形,而人均工业用水量人均GDP曲线为“倒U+U”形,为合理开发上海市水资源提供较为科学严谨的依据。 相似文献
840.
针对抽油机调整作业中劳动强度大、易造成人身伤害的问题,研制了调整抽油机参数液压工具,介绍了调整抽油机参数液压工具的构造、操作方法.经现场试用,效果良好. 相似文献