Screening of factors influencing Cu(II) extraction by soybean oil-based organic solvents using fractional factorial design

This study aimed to identify the significant factors that give large effects on the efficiency of Cu(II) extraction from aqueous solutions by soybean oil-based organic solvents using fractional factorial design. Six factors (mixing time (t), di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid concentration ([D2EHPA]), organic to aqueous phase ratio (O:A), sodium sulfate concentration ([Na(2)SO(4)]), equilibrium pH (pH(eq)) and tributylphosphate concentration ([TBP])) affecting the percentage extraction (%E) of Cu(II) were investigated. A 2(6-1) fractional factorial design was applied and the results were analyzed statistically. The results show that only [D2EHPA], pH(eq) and their second-order interaction ([D2EHPA] × pH(eq)) influenced the %E significantly. Regression models for %E were developed and the adequacy of the reduced model was examined. The results of this study indicate that fractional factorial design is a useful tool for screening a large number of variables and reducing the number of experiments.     

混凝土锈胀开裂的抑制措施

钢筋锈蚀是影响混凝土结构耐久性最重要的因素。钢筋锈胀体积膨胀,对周围混凝土产生压力,继而导致保护层的受拉开裂,出现锈胀裂缝,这对结构整体的安全性和耐久性十分有害。研究混凝土锈胀裂缝的抑制措施,对提高结构的耐久性具有重要意义。从结构构造入手,以快速通电加速纵向钢筋锈蚀的方法,研究了混凝土保护层厚度和箍筋间距对混凝土构件锈胀开裂的影响;同时通过计算机仿真,对试验构件进行了数值试验。在此基础上,建立了构件表面应力与混凝土保护层厚度及箍筋间距的相关关系,得到了不同保护层厚和箍筋间距对试件表面锈胀裂缝的影响规律。     

工程安全监理的风险管理与对策

当前我国建设工程的安全生产形势日益严峻,随着相关法律法规的出台,逐步明确了监理单位在建设过程中的安全责任。研究了监理单位在施工中所承担的安全监理风险,并结合实际情况提出风险管理与规避的对策。     

聚氨酯固化剂清洁生产技术分析

研究以一个利用分子蒸馏技术生产聚氨酯固化剂的大型新建项目为例,对其原料、产品、工艺和设备进行类比分析,提出了在聚氨酯固化剂生产中推行清洁生产的建议和措施,以期为制造单位在今后的工艺、工程设计、清洁生产和环境管理等方面提供一些科学依据。     

BAF中多相流运动与处理效能关系的研究

曝气生物滤池(BAF)是近年来发展的一种新型污水处理技术,它具有工艺简单、占地节省、有机负荷与水力负荷高、投资较少等优点,特别适用于我国资金短缺的中小城镇分散型污水的处理。文章采用数值模拟与实验分析的方法研究前人较少涉及的BAF中气液两相流的相关规律,揭示流场形态与溶解氧的关系,并分析对反应器处理效能的影响。实验结果表明,纵横比、气体流速、曝气孔径三种因素均能改变流场形态,并且单位体积内气泡数量多、漩涡结构发展充分、气液两相混合充分的流场能使得污水处理效率得到提升。     

环境激素的种类及危害分析

环境激素（环境荷尔蒙和环境内分泌）干扰物质是一类具有高稳定性、难生物降解的持久性有机化合物,因其引起的环境污染问题受到广泛关注。本文系统地分析了环境激素类干扰物质的来源、种类及与生物体作用机制,并讨论了它们进入人体的途径以及对生物和人类的危害,通过调查国内环境激素污染问题,指出环境激素污染存在的广泛性,需要引起政府部门高度重视,进一步加强防治环境激素污染工作力度。     

浅议生物传感器在环境监测中的应用

生物传感器是一项综合了多门学科的高新技术,具有特异性好、灵敏度高、分析速度快、能在复杂体系中在线连续监测等特点,被广泛用于多个领域。本文详细介绍了生物传感器相关知识,讨论了生物传感器在环境监测领域中的应用。     

单一及复合表面活性剂对菌株降解柴油的影响

研究了单一表面活性剂SDS、TW80和鼠李糖脂对菌株SD10降解柴油的影响,同时探讨了不同比例配制的复合表面活性剂SDS—TW80以及SDS－鼠李糖脂的CMC值变化,及对菌株SD10降解柴油的影响。实验主要结论如下：（1）SDS、TW80和鼠李糖脂,都能提高菌株SD10对柴油的降解率,鼠李糖脂能力最强,其次为TW80,SDS能力最弱。SDS和TW80浓度过高,会抑制菌株生长及活性,导致降解率下降,不过这种抑制或毒害作用可能是短时间的,超过一定时间后,菌株SD10活性又能恢复;（2）TW80或鼠李糖脂,与SDS复配,都能显著降低复合体系的CMC值,且SDS－鼠李糖脂复合体系的CMC值更低;（3）复合表面活性剂SDS—TW80以及SDS－鼠李糖脂比单一表面活性剂性能更强,能有效提高菌株对柴油的降解率,特别是鼠李糖脂和SDS配制复合表面活性剂效果更佳。复合表面活性剂的研究也将为表面活性剂增溶促降解研究和应用提供新的思路和理论基础。     

六车道高速公路交通噪声预测模型研究

在目前的公路交通噪声预测中,因道路类型不同和采用的预测模型不同,预测出来的结果会有所差异,长久以来以《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范(试行(JTJ 005-96)》的模型应用最多。对于六车道高速公路噪声的预测,考虑将六车道分成两个三车进行道叠加预测和把六车道作为一个整体进行预测这两种方式来进行,并与噪声实测值进行比较,可为今后高速公路六车道交通噪声的预测提供一定的参考依据。     

Relationship between herbaceous community distribution and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the Baiyangdian River Basin北大核心CSCD

Riparian zone vegetation is an important part of the riparian ecosystem and plays an important role in the riparian zone functioning. Herbs, which are one of the main types of riparian vegetation, are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and human activities and have become a hot spot of riparian vegetation research. In this study, the herbaceous communities of four representative rivers (Xiaoyi, Baohe, Fuhe, and Baigouyin River) entering Baiyangdian Lake in China were researched. The herbaceous species in their riparian zones were systematically investigated using the sample plot method. The Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Pielou evenness (J), and Patrick richness (R) indices were estimated to examine the species composition and diversity of the herb communities, following which redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted. The relationship between species diversity, distribution patterns of herbaceous plant communities, and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the four rivers is discussed. (1) Eighty-three species of herbaceous plants belonging to 66 genera and 27 families in the riparian zone entering Baiyangdian Lake. Most herbaceous plants, including Poaceae, Compositae, and Chenopodiaceae, were weeds or associated plants. Riparian vegetation was greatly affected by human disturbance. (2) All the three estimated indices of the Xiaoyi, Baigouyin, and Fuhe rivers were better than those of the Baohe River. (3) The vegetation coverage and species diversity of riparian herbaceous communities were positively correlated with soil organic matter and water content but negatively correlated with pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Therefore, these communities are conducive to the restoration of vegetation and the stability of biodiversity in the riparian core area to reduce the disturbance of human activities and increase humidity. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.