Carrousel氧化沟工艺处理造纸中段废水

介绍Carrousel氧化沟系统处理某纸厂造纸中段废水设计与运行情况,以及存在问题与建议。     

Does underweight amplify the relationship between short-term particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study in a metropolis of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Overweight/obesity modified the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure on blood pressure (BP). This study aims to assess whether...     

利用悬浮填料附着生物膜同步去除碳氮磷

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）处理配制模拟废水,实验结果表明,水力停留时间为6h、悬浮填料填充率为40％时,在不同C／N／P比率条件下,MBBR对COD、NH4＋-N和TN去除性能好且稳定,平均去除率分别达到90％、94．8％和62．39％以上,而TP的去除率受C／N／P值影响较大,当C／N／P的比值为100／10／1．8时,平均去除率达到58．03％。一定的溶解氧（DO）质量浓度能保证反应器中COD、NH4-N高效稳定的去除,同时是TN和TP同时去除的重要影响因素,在MBBR中最佳DO值约为3mg／L。由于附着在悬浮填料生物膜内部存在厌氧、缺氧微环境条件,在反应器中存在少量的反硝化聚磷菌。     

纳米光催化还原去除水中铜离子

基于纳米光催化还原技术,以纳米二氧化钛作为光催化剂,研究一种水体中重金属Cu2＋去除方法。采用原子吸收评价水体中Cu2＋去除效果,考察了水体pH值、不同光源及光照时间、催化剂添加量、Cu2＋初始浓度以及乙醇加入量的影响。结果表明,Cu2＋初始浓度在2～50 mg/L,pH为6.0～8.0,添加0.3 g/L纳米二氧化钛...     

医疗废物高温蒸气杀菌工艺中质热传递模型

医疗废物高温蒸气灭菌工艺中,如何使蒸气充分渗透到医疗废物内部是决定杀菌效果的关键。结合实际的操作工艺,以单片物料作为研究对象,将其视为多孔介质,从多孔物料传质传热的基本理论出发,建立了医疗废物内部传质传热数学模型,给出了其解析解,并通过实验验证了所建模型的合理性。     

Quality Assured Measurements of Animal Building Emissions: Gas Concentrations

Abstract

Comprehensive field studies were initiated in 2002 to measure emissions of ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), particulate matter <10 µm in diameter, and total suspended particulate from swine and poultry production buildings in the United States.

This paper focuses on the quasicontinuous gas concentration measurement at multiple locations among paired barns in seven states. Documented principles, used in air pollution monitoring at industrial sources, were applied in developing quality assurance (QA) project plans for these studies. Air was sampled from multiple locations with each gas analyzed with one high quality commercial gas analyzer that was located in an environmentally controlled on-farm instrument shelter. A nominal 4 L/min gas sampling system was designed and constructed with Teflon wetted surfaces, bypass pumping, and sample line flow and pressure sensors. Three-way solenoids were used to automatically switch between multiple gas sampling lines with ≥10 min sampling intervals. Inside and outside gas sampling probes were between 10 and 115 m away from the analyzers. Analyzers used chemiluminescence, fluorescence, photoacoustic infrared, and photoionization detectors for NH₃, H₂S, CO₂, CH₄, and NMHC, respectively. Data were collected using personal computer-based data acquisition hardware and software. This paper discusses the methodology of gas concentration measurements and the unique challenges that livestock barns pose for achieving desired accuracy and precision, data representativeness, comparability and completeness, and instrument calibration and maintenance.     

模拟成藏填埋垃圾有机质稳定化与产气的阶段性

通过人工构建模拟生物气藏的大型模拟生物反应器,研究模拟成藏填埋城市生活垃圾有机质厌氧降解及生物气化规律及其机理。结果表明,自然温度条件下,模拟填埋垃圾有机质降解和生物气化具有明显阶段性,与pH、ORP、温度等指标的阶段性变化存在相关性。产气阶段最佳条件包括:最适温度范围为31.0～36.0℃;最适pH范围为5.47～6.75,pH中性条件下产甲烷速率最高;ORP最适范围为-428～-541 mV,产甲烷高峰期ORP值为-519 mV,低于前人关于甲烷菌最适ORP的界定范围。每千克挥发性固体总生物气和甲烷产量分别为128.5 L和77.7 L,生物气和甲烷最大产气量分别为118.0 L/d和82.0 L/d,甲烷最大浓度为70.4%,产气高峰期与甲烷浓度高峰期同时出现。模拟成藏填埋垃圾有机质的稳定化过程具有明显的可诱导特征,关键因子的优化对有机质的降解及生物气化产生明显促进作用。     

基于物联网的杭州市危险废物智能监管平台设计与应用

为满足危险废物监管各种业务管理工作的需求,开展物联网技术在危险废物产生、转移、处置等过程中应用的研究,设计基于物联网技术的危险废物智能监管平台,建成由管理部门门户、产废单位门户、运输单位门户、处置单位门户等四大门户统领,危废监督管理系统、电子联单系统、GIS监控管理系统、污泥刷卡转运管理系统、危废视频监控系统、固废超市管理系统等六大系统组建的统一管理平台,在传统管理模式的基础上,以业务需求结合先进的物联网、移动互联、二维码、NFC、GPS等技术,创新性地形成"移动端电子联单模式、GPRS监管预警模式、IC卡刷卡转运模式、固废超市微循环管理模式"四大管理模式,实现涉危单位内部微循环管理,转运过程多手段监控,让危险废物从最初产生到最终处置的全过程业务流程呈现精细化、实时化的全闭环管理,实现对危险废物从"摇篮"到"坟墓"的全过程跟踪,并以此为基础建立一支业务处理迅速、信息统计分析及时、办事高效、危废监管全面的信息化管理队伍,为环保部门真实、细致、及时、动态地掌握危险废物的转移情况提供技术手段,为领导决策提供辅助支持。     

乙醇溶析结晶法从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠

以乙醇为溶析剂,通过过滤—中和—蒸馏浓缩—溶析结晶等工序,从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠。考察了硫酸钠回收效果的影响因素,并进行了热能消耗和处理成本的分析。实验结果表明：乙醇的加入量对硫酸钠溶解度和蒸馏浓缩过程有着显著影响;在蒸馏醇水比（乙醇与中性废母液的体积比）为0.27,浓缩废母液中硫酸钠质量浓度为69.27 g/L,溶析醇水比（乙醇与浓缩废母液的体积比）为1的最佳工艺条件下,白炭黑废母液中硫酸钠的一次回收率可达69.94%,硫酸钠产品的纯度达到97.3%。     

Laccase production by Phomopsis liquidambari B3 cultured with food waste and wheat straw as the main nitrogen and carbon sources

Food waste is the most difficult waste to manage because of the high treatment costs and the risk of environmental contamination. Wheat straw burning has become an increasingly discussed topic in recent years because of the air pollution it causes. However, food waste and wheat straw contain high amounts of nutrient elements; efficient utilization of these wastes can improve the environment by lessening airborne pollutant emission and the amount of waste that must be landfilled. It is well known that use of low-cost and abundant waste materials in microbial fermentations can reduce product costs. We aimed to use these resources while improving laccase production by the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari B3. We cultured P. liquidambari B3 in medium containing food waste and wheat straw as the main nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. We optimized the fermentation conditions by response surface methodology (RSM), using a Box–Behnken design for RSM I and a central composite design for RSM II. Optimization resulted in an 11.07-fold (1.98-fold RSM I; 5.59-fold RSM II) increase in laccase yield compared with that before optimization. The model was validated by mathematical evaluations and by comparisons between predicted and experimental values. Under optimized conditions, 53.76% of lignin in wheat straw was degraded. By optimizing fermentation conditions and using multiple bioresources, laccase production by this fungus was increased. These results provide the foundation for future research and for scaled-up laccase production.

Implications:Food waste and wheat straw are waste products, but they could be bioresources if they were managed properly. In this work, we innovatively used a mixture of food waste and wheat straw as a substrate for the novel strain Phomopsis liquidambari B3 to produce laccase. This process, which provided the foundation for the subsequent research and for scaled-up laccase production, offers solutions for both rural and urban pollution problems: that is, it reduces the amount of waste material that needs to be disposed of by burning or dumping, and it also produces a valuable product.