构建城市公共安全应急决策参与机制的必要性和可行性

公共安全应急决策参与机制即是指政府以外的力量,包括媒体、非营利组织、社区、企业、市民和国际组织等多元主体有序地参与到公共安全应急决策程序之中,运用现代的信息与网络技术,为更高效、快捷地做出应急决策而形成的一个彼此依赖、共享权力的动态的自组织网络系统及其运行过程与方式.当今世界各国在应急管理中越来越多地吸纳来自政府外部的力量,因为有限政府原则要求应急管理主体的多元化,基于公开、直接参与的民主原则也要求应急管理主体的多元化;在全球化的今天,应急管理主体的多元化是不可违逆的趋势.在现代多元参与决策的主体网络系统中,虽然各个主体在空间上呈离散状态,分布在社会的各个角落,但是,他们能够通过彼此之间频繁互动而形成应急决策的整体合力,用动态的协作网络替代传统政府组织中机械、僵化的刚性组织层级.见下图:……     

Mn对超富集植物短毛蓼和水蓼生长、Mn吸收及氮素代谢的影响

采用水培的方法,研究了不同浓度Mn(0.0003、0.5、1、2、4、8 mmol · L^-1)对Mn超富集植物短毛蓼(Polygonum pubescens Blume)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)叶片铵态氮、硝态氮、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量及氮素代谢关键酶:硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性的影响.结果表明,随着Mn处理浓度的增加,短毛蓼和水蓼的根、茎、叶中Mn含量显著增加(p<0.05),在相同Mn处理浓度下短毛蓼中Mn含量均大于同部位水蓼中Mn含量.在Mn处理浓度小于1 mmol · L^-1时,Mn对短毛蓼的株高、株重影响不显著,但对水蓼的影响显著(p<0.05),表明短毛蓼比水蓼更耐Mn污染.Mn处理显著降低了短毛蓼硝态氮含量(p<0.05),提高了可溶性蛋白质含量,浓度为8 mmol · L^-1的Mn处理显著提高了水蓼硝态氮、铵态氮、可溶性蛋白质含量及短毛蓼、水蓼游离脯氨酸含量(p<0.05).Mn引起了短毛蓼和水蓼氮素代谢关键酶活性的变化,显著降低了水蓼叶片NR、短毛蓼叶片GS活性(p<0.05);在Mn处理浓度为1 mmol · L^-1时,短毛蓼叶片NR活性最高,为对照的1.91倍,而2、4、8 mmol · L^-1 Mn处理显著降低了短毛蓼和水蓼GOGAT活性(p<0.05).另外,Mn处理显著提高了短毛蓼和水蓼叶片GDH活性(p<0.05),在Mn处理浓度为8 mmol · L^-1时,短毛蓼、水蓼叶片GDH活性分别为对照的16.29倍和1.29倍.     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.     

Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

SCADA系统在污染物治污工况在线监控系统中的应用

本文介绍了SCADA系统在内蒙古自治区重点污染源治污工况在线监控系统中的应用,系统以西门子成熟S7—200系列可编程序控制器为在线监测设备,基于OPC（OLE for Process Control）技术,以WINCC为监控平台,实现了自治区内重点污染源企业治污工况的远程监测、污染物排放的有效管理。     

Genotoxicity removal of reclaimed water during ozonation

Genotoxicity in wastewater and reclaimed water now is gaining increased attention because of genotoxins' potential damage to the ecosystem and human health. The effect of ozonation on genotoxicity in reclaimed water was investigated. It was found that ozonation decreased the genotoxicy dramatically in three tertiary treatment plants. In the further batch ozonation experiment in laboratory,secondary effluent sample used exhibited the genotoxicity of(41.1 ± 4.1) μg 4NQO/L. Ozonation with a dose of 10 mg O3/L completely removed the genotoxicity in secondary effluent. However,after ozonation, the dissolved organic carbonvalue of the sample didn't change much but the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA) value dropped sharply. With the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ozonation was found to change chemical aliphatic carbon and C–O of the dissolved arganic matter, which might be the reason of the significant decreases of SUVA and genotoxicity.     

南京市黑臭河流水体中细菌多样性的研究

以南京市城南河为研究对象,分别提取上中下游的水体样本,分析水质中的氮、磷、COD等水质指标,并利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)分析了城南河不同位置的细菌多样性。结果表明:城南河水体中的平均总氮为30.06 mg/L,总磷为6.14 mg/L,COD为42.03 mg/L,均超过国家V类水质标准。结合外观,城南河属于严重污染的典型黑臭河流。DGGE分析的结果表明:城南河具有较高的细菌多样性,优势菌群主要是变形菌门和拟杆菌门2大类群,且不同取样点细菌种类差别不大。     

规模化养牛场牛粪污综合利用研究

利用牛粪生产沼气,并将副产物有效利用是处理牛粪污的有效途径,为提高牛粪厌氧发酵的产气效率和副产物的利用率,整体工艺采用牛粪发酵前固液分离,固体进行好氧发酵回填牛卧床,分离液进行厌氧-好氧发酵,厌氧发酵产生沼气为系统增温,最后液体通过人工湿地处理达标排放。结果表明:对牛粪进行发酵前固液分离,降低了物料的粘度,利于微生物的传质,可以取得较好的产气效果,沼气通过沼气燃烧炉转化为热能为系统增温降低了其他能源的供给,同时湿地的利用也有效地改善了养牛场周边环境,为牛粪污生产沼气工程提供新思路。     

大型浮顶储罐雷击事故分析及防雷技术研究

通过对典型大型浮顶储罐雷击事故分析,总结了这些事故的共性问题。结合浮顶储罐雷击形式及雷电火花放电研究,分析了大型浮顶储罐雷击火灾事故的机理。岚山输油站在等电位连接、一次密封形式结构等方面进行技术改造,经过验证这些措施有效减少了大型浮顶储罐火灾事故的发生。