臭氧氧化处理养猪场厌氧沼液

实验在MAP沉淀处理的基础上,采用臭氧氧化技术对养猪场厌氧沼液进行处理。研究了氧化过程中臭氧的投加量、反应时间对沼液pH、COD和UV254的去除效果、沼液可生化性、氮形态转化的影响。结果表明,在臭氧氧化过程中,随着反应时间的延长,沼液pH呈逐渐下降的趋势。在臭氧投加量为6 mg/L、反应时间为40 min时,COD和UV254去除率达到最大,分别为21.7%和60%。此外,臭氧氧化能把BOD5/COD的比值从0.24提高为0.41,有效提高了沼液的可生化性。在臭氧投加量为6 mg/L、反应时间为2 h时,TN的浓度基本维持在370~410 mg/L之间,氨氮浓度随时间呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,且最终维持在132.7 mg/L,然而,硝态氮浓度反而升高了近一倍,由此可见,臭氧氧化不能完全脱氮,只能使氮从一种形态转化为另一种形态。     

Suppressing SO3 formation in copper smelting flue gas by ejecting pyrite into flue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - SO3 in the copper smelting flue gas not only causes serious corrosion in heat exchange and dust collection equipment but also increases the amount of...     

Field-scale leaching of arsenic, chromium and copper from weathered treated wood

Earlier studies documented the loss of wood preservatives from new wood. The objective of this study was to evaluate losses from weathered treated wood under field conditions by collecting rainfall leachate from 5 different wood types, all with a surface area of 0.21 m². Wood samples included weathered chromate copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood at low (2.7 kg/m³), medium (4.8 kg/m³) and high (35.4 kg/m³) retention levels, new alkaline copper quat (ACQ) treated wood (1.1 kg/m³ as CuO) and new untreated wood. Arsenic was found to leach at a higher rate (100 mg in 1 year for low retention) than chromium and copper (<40 mg) in all CCA-treated wood samples. Copper leached at the highest rate from the ACQ sample (670 mg). Overall results suggest that metals' leaching is a continuous process driven by rainfall, and that the mechanism of release from the wood matrix changes as wood weathers.     

Damage to DNA caused by UV-B radiation in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum and the effects of exogenous chemicals on the process

Radiation with UV-B increased the damage to DNA in Scytonema javanicum, a desert-dwelling soil microorganism, and the level of damage varied with the intensity of UV-B radiation and duration of exposure. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased because of the radiation. Different exogenous chemicals (ascorbate acid, ASC; N-acetylcysteine, NAC; glyphosate, GPS; and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, MCPA-Na) differed in their effect on the extent of DNA damage and ROS production: whereas NAC and ASC protected the DNA from damage and resulted in reduced ROS production, the herbicides (GPS and MCPA-Na) increased the extent of damage, lowered the rate of photosynthesis, and differed in their effect on ROS production. The chemicals probably have different mechanisms to exercise their effects: NAC and ASC probably function as antioxidant agents or as precursors of other antioxidant molecules that protect the DNA and photosynthetic apparatus directly from the ROS produced as a result of UV-B radiation, and GPS and MCPA-Na probably disrupt the normal metabolism in S. javanicum to induce the leaking of ROS into the photosynthetic electron transfer pathway following UV-B radiation, and thereby damage the DNA. Such mechanisms have serious implications for the use of environment-friendly herbicides, which, because they can destroy DNA, may prove harmful to soil microorganisms.     

Decomposition analysis of PM2.5 emissions based on LMDI and Tapio decoupling model: study of Hunan and Guangdong

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper takes energy consumption PM2.5 emission as research object, and quantitatively analyzes the PM2.5 emission level in Hunan and Guangdong...     

Adsorption of volatile benzene series compounds by surface-modified glass fibers: kinetics,thermodynamic adsorption efficiencies,and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The presence of volatile benzene series compounds (VBSCs) in the environment is continually increasing, with the potential for negative effects on...     

灰化苔草叶片铜污染的高光谱响应研究

为了鄱阳湖湿地的生态安全,通过土壤盆栽实验,研究了不同Cu浓度(0、50、100、150、200和300 mg/kg)下灰化苔草(Carex cinerascens)在整个生长发育期内叶片光谱参数和叶绿素的变化过程。结果表明,灰化苔草对Cu的耐性上限浓度不超过300 mg/kg;随着添加Cu浓度的升高,叶片Cu含量和土壤有效态Cu含量均逐渐升高,叶片SPAD值渐次降低;叶片Cu含量与红谷深度、红边峰值、红边斜率、R750~1250 nm等光谱特征值之间均呈现显著的负相关关系;灰化苔草最佳监测生育期为生长期。由此,为鄱阳湖湿地生态健康变化进行快速诊断提供了科学依据。     

分子筛负载型吸附剂对典型VOCs的吸附行为特性

以浸渍法制备的分子筛负载铜锰铈(Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM)为吸附剂,以甲苯、乙酸乙酯和丙酮作为挥发性有机物(VOCs)的典型代表,考察了单组分和混合组分VOCs在吸附剂固定床上的吸附行为。研究表明,Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM吸附单组分VOCs时,甲苯的吸附穿透时间与饱和吸附量分别为110 min和32.47 mg/g,乙酸乙酯为150 min和52.29 mg/g,丙酮为210 min和86.40 mg/g,可见Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM对单组分VOCs的吸附能力大小为:丙酮 > 乙酸乙酯 > 甲苯。Cu-Mn-Ce/ZSM吸附混合组分VOCs时,在甲苯与乙酸乙酯的穿透曲线上出现了明显的"驼峰",吸附穿透过程中存在共吸附和竞争吸附行为,甲苯的吸附穿透时间与饱和吸附量降至50 min、10.42 mg/g,乙酸乙酯为95 min、15.12 mg/g,丙酮为105 min、44.37 mg/g。通过Yoon-Nelson模型对单组分VOCs吸附穿透曲线的拟合,表明吸附模型参数可以准确地预测吸附质在固定床上的穿透行为。速率参数k'值计算表明,不同VOCs在固定床上的吸附速率大小为丙酮 < 乙酸乙酯 < 甲苯。     

鼠李糖脂在铜绿假单胞菌NY3代谢烃过程中的生理作用

为了解鼠李糖脂在菌代谢烃过程中所起的具体作用,对NY3菌体生理生化指标进行测定,研究了NY3菌降解烃过程中,鼠李糖脂促进烃降解与细胞生理特性变化规律的相关性。结果表明,投加60、100和140 mg/L鼠李糖脂,能使正十六烷降解率分别提高23.7%、48.3%和32.2%,且产酸明显。鼠李糖脂能加快疏水性有机物的传质速度,与未加鼠李糖脂相比,鼠李糖脂浓度为100和140 mg/L时,菌细胞内积聚的正十六烷量增加12.5%和37.69%。鼠李糖脂存在下,NY3菌细胞内正十六烷吸收是一个积累和消耗相互交替的动态过程。鼠李糖脂使菌体细胞中疏水性脂类的相对含量和细胞表面的负电荷明显增加,但使所生长的细胞内脂多糖含量明显减少,生长过程投加鼠李糖脂浓度为60、100、140和200 mg/L时,细胞中脂多糖含量分别减少45.65%、58.13%、45.61%、和59.44%。因此,鼠李糖脂能加快NY3菌对十六烷的降解,同时对代谢过程中菌体的生理生化特性有明显的改变。