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301.
生物填料地下渗滤系统对生活污水的脱氮 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将草甸棕壤、炉渣和活性污泥等基质按体积比13∶6∶1配制生物填料,研究了生物填料地下渗滤系统(subsurface wastewater infiltration system,SWIS)在不同的水力负荷和污染负荷条件下对校园生活污水的脱氮效果。场地实验结果表明,当BOD5负荷为12.0 g BOD5/(m2·d),表面水力负荷为0.04-0.10 m3/(m2·d)时,SWIS对NH+4-N和TN的平均去除率分别为92.4%和82.0%。当水力负荷为0.08 m3/(m2·d),BOD5负荷9.3-16.8 g BOD5/(m2·d)时,SWIS对NH+4-N和TN的平均去除率为92.7%和81.2%。SWIS中氧化还原电位(oxygen reduction potential,ORP)随进水水力负荷和BOD5负荷的增加而降低,脱氮效率下降。综合出水水质和处理效率,适宜的水力负荷和污染负荷分别为0.065 m3/(m2·d)和12.0 g BOD5/(m2·d)。在此条件下,SWIS的启动周期为25-30 d。出水水质均优于《城市污水再生利用-景观环境用水水质》(GB/T18921-2002)标准,且处理效果稳定,抗负荷冲击能力强。 相似文献
302.
采用极化曲线法研究了酸性蚀刻液阴、阳极电化学行为,并构建了离子膜电解反应体系,考察了在线再生酸性蚀刻液及回收铜的效果。结果表明,阳极氧化过程发生浓差极化,存在极限电流密度,Cu+含量越高,极限电流密度越大;阴极还原分4步反应进行,存在极限电流密度;强化溶液传质可有效提高阴、阳极极限电流密度,有利于避免电解过程中析出氯气和氢气;在线实验表明,通过监控阳极液ORP,可避免析出氯气;分步降低电流电解有利于避免析出氢气,形成致密的金属铜块;在电流为9~24A范围内分4步电解23.5h可再生酸性蚀刻液23.5L,同时电沉积回收510g铜,纯度高达99.98%。阴极电流效率达到95.2%,吨铜电耗3251kWh。电解过程中无氯气和氢气析出,无废液排放,表明膜电解法在线再生酸性蚀刻液具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
303.
Hu Z 《Chemosphere》2008,72(2):312-318
The biokinetics of attached and suspended bacteria are an essential component of activated sludge models, anaerobic digestion models and biofilm models. These parameters are often assumed or “confirmed” based on the goodness-of-fit of the bioprocess models. Using a microbial fuel cell with a baffled reactor chamber, the attached- and mixed-growth microbial decay coefficients were evaluated under anaerobic conditions. The capability for real-time voltage recording allows easy and accurate measurement of the anaerobic microbial decay coefficients (bL, lysis-regrowth approach), which were determined to be 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.15 ± 0.01 d−1 for attached (to anode) and mixed (present in the anode chamber) growth microorganisms, respectively. The corresponding half-saturation constants using glucose as a substrate were 204 ± 10 and 123 ± 1 mg COD l−1. Hence, like an oxygen uptake rate-based approach to measure the microbial kinetics under aerobic conditions, the electrochemical recording provides an attractive method to measure anaerobic microbial decay coefficients. 相似文献
304.
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of cadmium (Cd) on growth, Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidative enzymes in leaves and roots of Arabis paniculata F., a new Cd hyperaccumuator found in China. The results showed that 22-89 microM Cd in solution enhanced the growth of A. paniculata after three weeks, with 21-27% biomass increase compared to the control. Cd concentrations in shoots and roots increased with increasing Cd supply levels, and reached a maximum of 1662 and 8670 mg kg(-1) Cd dry weight at 178 microM Cd treatment, respectively. In roots, 22-89 microM Cd reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide (O(2)(-1)) and H(2)O(2) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). In leaves, the contents of MDA, O(2)(-1) and H(2)O(2) remained unaffected by 22-89 microM Cd, while 178 microM Cd treatment significantly increased the MDA content, 69.5% higher than that of the control; generally, the activities of SOD, catalase (CAT), GPX and APX showed an increasing pattern with increasing Cd supply levels. Our present work concluded that A. paniculata has a great capability of Cd tolerance and accumulation. Moderate Cd treatment (22-89 microM Cd) alleviated the oxidative stress in roots, while higher level of Cd addition (178 microM) could cause an increasing generation of ROS, which was effectively scavenged by the antioxidative system. 相似文献
305.
306.
为探寻环境中挥发性有机物气相色谱保留行为与结构的关系,应用三维原子场全息作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF),对39个大气中痕量挥发性有机物进行了结构表征.采用逐步回归对变量进行筛选,建立了8变量定量结构色谱保留相关(QSRR)模型,模型的复相关系数为R-1=0.985; 进而将3D-HoVAIF矢量与相对分子质量结合,建立了9变量QSRR模型,模型的复相关系数为R-2 = 0.991; 采用留一法交互检验,结果分别为RCV,1 = 0.970、RCV,2 =0.978,表明模型具有良好的估计能力和稳定性. 相似文献
307.
308.
309.
Water produced by advanced treatment of a groundwater was evaluated to determine the amount of DBPs (Disinfection By-Products) including trihalomethanes (THMs). Both Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GS/MS) were adopted for detection and identification of DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs), halo-acetic acids (HAAs) and aldehydes. Two disinfection modes (ozonation followed by chlorination and chlorination alone) were compared to determine the DBPs generation. The mutagenitic acivity of ozonated water, chlorinated water after ozonation and potable water was assessed using the Ames test. Chloroform, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) were the main constituents of THMs and HAAs, respectively. THMs accounted for more than 85% of all DBPs measured, whereas haloacetic acids accounted for around 14%. Ozonation followed by chlorination proved to be better in terms of THMs and HAAs control. The combined system produced 28.3% less DBPs compared to chlorination alone. Ozonation was found capable of reducing mutagenic matter in the groundwater by 54.7%. The combined system also resulted in water with no mutagenicity. 相似文献
310.
城市生活垃圾生命周期管理 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
生命周期评价是一种全面的环境管理工具,具有潜在的发展前景。0它通过对产品,产品系统,工艺活动整个生命周期的环境影响环境改善的机会进行评价。根据国际环境毒理与化学学会1993年和ISO14000环境管理体系中关于生命周期评价的技术框架,本文应生命周期评价在城市生产垃圾管理系统中的作用及管理系统的清单分析,影响评价和改善评价进行研究。 相似文献