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901.
Qianfeng Li Di Hu Sirakarn Leungsakul Richard M. Kamens 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(40):9341-9352
This work merges kinetic models for α-pinene and d-limonene which were individually developed to predict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from these compounds. Three major changes in the d-limonene and α-pinene combined mechanism were made. First, radical–radical reactions were integrated so that radicals formed from both individual mechanisms all reacted with each other. Second, all SOA model species from both compounds were used to calculate semi-volatile partitioning for new semi-volatiles formed in the gas phase. Third particle phase reactions for particle phase α-pinene and d-limonene aldehydes, carboxylic acids, etc. were integrated. Experiments with mixtures of α-pinene and d-limonene, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and diurnal natural sunlight were carried out in a dual 270 m3 outdoor Teflon film chamber located in Pittsboro, NC. The model closely simulated the behavior and timing for α-pinene, d-limonene, NO, NO2, O3 and SOA. Model sensitivities were tested with respect to effects of d-limonene/α-pinene ratios, initial hydrocarbon to NOx (HC0/NOx) ratios, temperature, and light intensity. The results showed that SOA yield (YSOA) was very sensitive to initial d-limonene/α-pinene ratio and temperature. The model was also used to simulate remote atmospheric SOA conditions that hypothetically could result from diurnal emissions of α-pinene, d-limonene and NOx. We observed that the volatility of the simulated SOA material on the aging aerosol decreased with time, and this was consistent with chamber observations. Of additional importance was that our simulation did not show a loss of SOA during the daytime and this was consistent with observed measurements. 相似文献
902.
宁波市危险废物管理、处置现状和对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对宁波市危险废物现状进行了调查,分析了危险废物的来源、产量、特征及存在的主要问题.在此基础上,提出了宁波市危险废物管理处置对策,具体包括:加强危险废物申报登记工作;健全宁波市危险废物管理法律体系和监督管理机构;建立合理的危险废物收费制度;源头控制危险废物污染和建设危险废物集中处置场等. 相似文献
903.
904.
根据高浓度油脂废水生物降解处理采用酵母一级处理-SBR法二级处理的连续净化工艺的要求,使用规模为20 L的SBR反应器对城市生活污水处理用的活性污泥进行强制性驯化,并以驯化的活性污泥菌直接应用于SBR法处理含油废水.实验发现该小型SBR法的工艺技术方案可行,系统抗冲击负荷能力强,整个系统运行比较稳定,对于含高浓度油脂的油脂精练加工厂实际排放污水处理效果良好,油脂和COD的去除率分别连续稳定在95%和90%以上,出水水质指标达到国家一级排放标准的要求. 相似文献
905.
Twenty-eight PM2.5 samples collected in Summer (July 2002) and Winter (November 2002) at two sites in Beijing, China were analyzed using GC/MS to investigate the impact of meteorology and coal burning on the solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC). The characteristics and abundance of the n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-fatty acids and n-alkanols were determined. Source identification was made using organic species as molecular markers. Semi-volatile compounds of alkanes and PAHs had much higher concentrations in winter than summer because of the large difference in the temperature between the seasons. Plant wax emission was a major contributor to n-alkanes in summer, but fossil fuel residue was a major source (>80%) in winter. The seasonal differences in the distribution of pentacyclic triterpanes clearly shows the impact of coal burning for space heating in winter. The yield of PAHs in winter (148 ng m(-3) at the urban site and 277 ng m(-3) at the suburban site) was six to eight times higher than that in summer and was found to be mainly from coal burning. Higher pollutant concentrations were measured at the suburban site than the urban site in winter due to the rapid expansion of the city limit and the relocation of factories from urban to suburban areas over the last two decades. 相似文献
906.
应用11种限制性内酶BamHⅠ、BstEⅡ、EcoRⅠ、EcoRⅤ、HindⅢ、KpnⅠ、PstⅠ、SalⅠ、SstⅠ、XbaⅠaⅠ和XⅠⅠ和XhoⅠ分别将中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒(单粒包埋HaSNPV)湖北株基因组D组DNA酶切为10、12、22、21、13、6、6、40、6、21、6个片段,并求得基因组大小平均为1什什Mr≈79.1×106.以家委核多角体病毒BmNPV多角体基因为探针,利用Southern杂交技术将病毒多角体基因定位在SalⅠ4.2×103b左右的片段上.与棉铃虫核多角体病毒其它株系酶切图谱比较结果表明,本株病毒与上海等株系及美洲棉铃虫核多角体病毒HaSNPVElkar株系酶切图谱相似,它们之间的条带数和大小差异较小,而与已发现的所有多粒包埋型病毒HaSNPV酶切图主谱差异较大.据此认为HaSNPV和HaMNPV属于基因型不同的两类病毒,而HaSNPV不同分离株的同源性很高 相似文献
907.
Peng Zhao Tong Zhu Baosheng Liang Min Hu Ling Kang Jicheng Gong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(2):159-165
Agricultural activity is one of the most important sources of aerosol particles. To understand the mass distribution and sources of aerosol particles and their inorganic water-soluble ions in a suburb farmland of Beijing, particle samples were collected using a microorifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) in the summer of 2004 in a suburb vegetable field. The distribution of the particles and their inorganic water-soluble ions in the diameter range of 0.18–18 μm were measured. The dominant fine particle ions were SO4 2?, NO3 ?, and NH4 +. The association of day-to-day variation of the concentration of these ions with temperature, humidity, and solar radiation suggested that they are formed by the reaction of NH3 released from the vegetable field with the acid species produced from photochemical reactions. Fine particle K+ is likely from vegetation emission and biomass burning. Coarse particles like Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3 ?, and SO4 2? are suggested to come from the mechanical process by which the soil particle entered the atmosphere, and from the reaction of the acid species at the surface of the soil particle. The results show that fertilizer and soil are important factors determining the aerosol particle over agricultural fields, and vegetable fields in suburban Beijing contribute significantly to the aerosol particle. 相似文献
908.
研究碲化镉量子点(cadmium telluride quantum dots, Cd Te QDs)对小鼠凝血相关因子的影响,进一步探讨QDs的心血管毒性机制。将48只雄性ICR小鼠随机分成6组,每组8只。分别使用不同剂量(0.15μmol·kg~(-1)、1.5μmol·kg~(-1)和15μmol·kg~(-1))的Cd Te QDs和生理盐水一次性经尾静脉注射染毒小鼠1 d,15μmol·kg~(-1)剂量的Cd Te QDs染毒3 d和7 d,检测小鼠血浆中凝血相关因子的含量变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,随着染毒剂量增加小鼠组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量逐渐增高,组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)含量逐渐降低,具有明显的剂量-效应关系。除15μmol·kg~(-1)剂量组外,组织因子(TF)、凝血因子XII(FXII)和纤溶酶原(Plg)含量具有升高的趋势,抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)含量则无明显变化;随着染毒时间增加,TF、FXII、FIB、Plg和t-PA含量有明显的先升高后降低的变化趋势,TFPI含量在1 d达到最低,之后逐渐升高,AT-Ⅲ含量则在7 d达到最低。Cd Te QDs急性染毒可引起小鼠血浆中TF、FXII、FIB、TFPI、Plg和t-PA的含量明显改变,并且具有不同的变化趋势。提示Cd Te QDs可能会激活凝血系统和纤溶系统,抑制抗凝系统,从而引起凝血功能紊乱。 相似文献
909.
无苯酚培养基分离到的降酚菌多样性的分子分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用3种不含苯酚的培养基(YPG、10%YPG和LB)从上海焦化厂废水处理系统(A2/O法)好氧池的悬浮污泥分离到24株降酚菌株.通过16SrDNAPCR扩增产物的限制性酶切分析(amplifiedribosomalDNArestrictionanalysis,ARDRA)、ERICPCR指纹图谱分析、多组分苯酚羟化酶大亚基(thelargestsubunitofthemulticomponentphenolhydroxylase,LmPH)基因的PCR扩增及16SrRNA基因测序的方法对这些降酚菌株进行表征.通过ARDRA分型,将这24株降酚菌株分为8个类型;利用ERICPCR可以将这24个菌株分为17种类型,说明同一ARDRA类型内菌株具有多样性.对17个ERIC类型代表菌株的16SrDNA扩增产物进行克隆并测序,测序结果在GenBank和RDP中进行比对.结果表明,与这17个代表菌株同源性最高的菌中,有6株是未见报道具有降酚功能的菌株.在这24株降酚菌中,有19株在苯酚含量为200mg/L的MP培养基中培养5d,苯酚降解率为20%左右,其余5株苯酚降解率达到100%,且均属于Rhodococcus属.本研究在降酚菌生物多样性上作了有益的探索.图2表1参20 相似文献
910.
本研究采用上流式厌氧污泥床滤层反应器对蛋鸡场鸡粪混合液离心出水进行处理,试验结果:在中温25℃,进水COD_(cr)18000mg/L和氨氮1600mg/L的条件下,COD_(cr)去除率74.08%,BOD_5去除率83.78%,水力停留时间26.15h,容积负荷15.60kg·COD_(cr)/m~3·d,产气率0.52m~3/去除km·COD_(cr).反应器运行状况良好. 相似文献