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101.
102.
Survey of heavy metal pollution and assessment of agricultural soil in Yangzhong district, Jiangsu Province, China 总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37
We investigated concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Ni, and Cr in samples of soil, cereal, and vegetables from Yangzhong district, China. Compared to subsoils, the sampled topsoils are enriched in Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As. High levels of Cd and Hg are observed in most agricultural soils. Concentrations of Cr and Ni show little spatial variation, and high Cu, Pb, and Zn contents correspond well to areas of urban development. High As contents are primarily recorded at the two ends of the sampled alluvion. The contents of Cd, Hg, and total organic carbon (TOC) increase gradually to maximum values in the upper parts of soil profiles, while Cr and Ni occur in low concentrations within sampled profiles. As, Pb, Cu, and Zn show patterns of slight enrichment within the surface layer. Compared to data obtained in 1990, Cd and Hg show increased concentrations in 2005; this is attributed to the long-term use of agrochemicals. Cr and Ni contents remained steady over this interval because they are derived from the weathering of parent material and subsequent pedogenesis. The measured As, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents show slight increases over time due to atmospheric deposition of material sourced from urban anthropogenic activity. Low concentrations of heavy metals are recorded in vegetables and cereals because the subalkaline environment of the soil limits their mobility. Although the heavy metal concentrations measured in this study do not pose a serious health risk, they do affect the quality of agricultural products. 相似文献
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湘江干流水环境质量演变特征及其关键因素定量识别 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为科学有效地保护湘江流域水环境,定量识别湘江干流主要水质指标的驱动因素,该研究基于1990~2016年水质监测数据及沿岸永州 长沙五市社会经济发展指标,采用Mann-Kendall检验法分析湘江干流水环境演变趋势,通过逐步回归分析确定各地区各水质指标主要驱动因素。结果表明:湘江干流CODMn、Cd、As整体呈下降趋势,上游BOD5呈下降趋势,上中游NH3-N呈上升趋势,中游衡阳、株洲市重金属Cr6+呈上升趋势,衡阳市TP呈上升趋势,中下游BOD5呈上升趋势;定量追溯各水质指标影响因素得出工业污染是湘江干流重金属As、Cr6+、Cd主要驱动因素,永衡株潭地区NH3-N,衡阳市BOD5、CODMn、TP及衡株潭地区BOD5均以农业污染影响为主;发现产业结构调整对干流水环境有显著影响,建议在流域产业结构调整过程中加强转型升级。 相似文献
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随着金沙江下游梯级水电开发的蓬勃开展,清水下泄对下游河床及岸线的影响问题逐渐显露。通过实地观测,走访及清水下泄前后政府和民间数据、影像资料等对比分析,探讨问题的根源和避免问题严重化途径,为共抓长江大保护,为修复长江生态环境提供参考依据。结果发现:清水下泄对向家坝水电站坝址以下金沙江段部分河床及岸线资源造成了较为明显的影响。如该江段原来常见的砂滩、砾石滩除杨湾码头仅存一个沙岛外,其余全部消失;无防护设施的河段(如火焰村小岸组、火焰组和新桥组,豆坝村的马槽、娱乐、黄泥、丰收、中心三组,普安镇的13、12、7、5、4、3、2、1组,西郊街道白石社区新村组)受顶冲作用导致一半以上河漫滩地流失甚至引起滩岸坍塌;白家滩大堤一处坝垛根石将被掏蚀殆尽。此外,水富港三期扩能工程因侵占河道和开挖船池,进一步加剧了对四川安边镇小岸坝的不利影响。严重的下蚀侧蚀导致该江段同期水位明显下降,也对岸线两侧的居民生产生活带来安全隐患。相关各方对区域的特殊性及水电站修建造成的影响存在认识不足,各自的发展、利益和环境保护需求之间的矛盾等是问题产生的根本原因,问题出现后又缺少有效的沟通机制等。 相似文献
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Su-fen Yuan Ze-hua Liu Hai-Xian Lian Chuangtao Yang Qing Lin Hua Yin Zhi Dang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(19):19116-19125
A simple online headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of nine estrogenic odorant alkylphenols and chlorophenols and their derivatives in water samples. The extraction conditions of HS-SPME were optimized including fiber selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, and salt concentration. Results showed that divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was the most appropriate one among the three selected commercial fibers, and the optimal extraction temperature, time, and salt concentration were 70 °C, 30 min, and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated and showed good linearity (R 2?>?0.989), low limit of detection (LOD, 0.002–0.5 μg/L), and excellent recoveries (76–126 %) with low relative standard deviation (RSD, 0.7–12.9 %). The developed method was finally applied to two surface water samples and some of these target compounds were detected. All these detected compounds were below their odor thresholds, except for 2,4,6-TCAS and 2,4,6-TBAS wherein their concentrations were near their odor thresholds. However, in the two surface water samples, these detected compounds contributed to a certain amount of estrogenicity, which seemed to suggest that more attention should be paid to the issue of estrogenicity rather than to the odor problem. 相似文献
109.
Hua Shen Larry W. Robertson Gabriele Ludewig 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(3):2108-2118
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme, is believed to play a critical role in many diseases, including cancer. PCBs are widespread environmental contaminants known to induce oxidative stress and cancer and to produce changes in gene expression of various pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Thus, it appeared of interest to explore whether PCBs may modulate the activity and/or gene expression of PON1 as well. In this study, we compared the effects of dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like PCBs and of various aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands on PON1 regulation and activity in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results demonstrate that (i) the non-dioxin-like PCB154, PCB155, and PCB184 significantly reduced liver and serum PON1 activities, but only in male rats; (ii) the non-dioxin-like PCB153, the most abundant PCB in many matrices, did not affect PON1 messenger RNA (mRNA) level in the liver but significantly decreased serum PON1 activity in male rats; (iii) PCB126, an AhR ligand and dioxin-like PCB, increased both PON1 activities and gene expression; and (iv) even though three tested AhR ligands induced CYP1A in several tissues to a similar extent, they displayed differential effects on the three PONs and AhR, i.e., PCB126 was an efficacious inducer of PON1, PON2, PON3, and AhR in the liver, while 3-methylcholantrene induced liver AhR and lung PON3, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most potent AhR agonist, increased only PON3 in the lung, at the doses and exposure times used in these studies. These results show that PCBs may have an effect on the antioxidant protection by paraoxonases in exposed populations and that regulation of gene expression through AhR is highly diverse. 相似文献
110.