葡萄和葡萄酒行业与环境保护

目前,对葡萄园质量的鉴定不再只是根据葡萄酒的质量来进行.葡萄酒的质量形象还需要其他的因素:产地美丽的风景,葡萄园及葡萄酒厂与周围环境的协调,产品的自然特色,对环境的贡献等等.所以,环境保护也对葡萄酒的形象提出了新的挑战:除传统的生态、品种、酿造以及品牌、历史和人文等因素外,环境保护和健康意识越来越成为影响消费者对葡萄酒质量的感知和理解的重要因素.显然,在葡萄与葡萄酒生产过程中的环境保护措施,将会提高产品环保形象,从而提高其在国际市场上的竞争能力.这就需要有关国家将环境保护纳入其葡萄与葡萄酒生产的有关标准或法规中.     

一种新型悬浮填料的性能试验研究

本文对生物接触氧化法中的悬浮填料一密度、材质和形状对曝气强度、充氧能力及挂膜能力的影响进行了试验研究.研究中分别采用清水状态的曝气和充氧能力试验以及挂膜的方法.结果表明,悬浮填料的密度在0.95～0.99 g/cma之间比较适合.曝气池内加入填料后,可以提高普通穿孔管的充氧能力,且在一定的投配率范围内,随着填料的增加,氧的传递速率和利用率增加.挂膜试验表明聚丙烯比聚乙烯挂膜快且均匀,膜量大,而且圆柱形填料比空心球填料的挂膜量大.     

夹层电缆引发火灾的实验研究

模拟现代建筑夹层中贮藏大量未加金属导管防护的电线电缆所引发的火灾效应.在一个全尺寸燃烧套房模型中进行了起火室和顶棚夹层空间电缆火灾的实验研究,并采用大涡模拟的方法对实验中烟气速度场进行了数值模拟.结果表明,加明火源可以加强电缆的火灾功率;通风状况对夹层电缆火灾的温度场、烟气遮光度和火灾功率有明显影响.电缆燃烧产物中主要毒性气体为CO.电缆在夹层燃烧时,CO和CO2浓度均高于目标室和起火室中的浓度.而夹层毒气最为集中,其CO浓度远远超出OSHA和IDLH标准.电缆在夹层燃烧时发生火灾的危险性较大.     

小议我国职业安全管理

简要地提出了我国职业安全管理中存在的问题 ,并加以分析 ,同时有针对性地提出了建设性建议     

C6MW汽轮机汽缸膨胀不畅原因及对策

提出山东光明热电股份有限公司1#汽轮机汽缸膨胀不畅的问题，分析了几种典型缺陷引发的故障现象以及部分处理过程。     

Development of a Test System for Assessing the Toxicity of Multicomponent Wastes Stored in the Natural Environment

A biological test system is proposed for assessing the toxicity of multicomponent wastes stored in the natural environment, with sewage sludge being used as an example. The principles of creating a test system and ranking the samples of multicomponent masses with respect to environmental hazard are discussed.     

Airbag for the closing of pipelines on explosions and leakages

This paper is a result of international effort aimed at the construction of a device for quick closing of pipelines in the case of explosion propagation and/or chemical leakage. Such a problem exists in industries where flammable substances are transported by pipelines. The basic solution principle was the idea to use airbags similar to those utilized in cars.

Two pipeline applications were taken into consideration: a low-pressure module able to suppress explosion propagation and a high-pressure module to stop leakages from, e.g. natural gas pipeline capable to be used for duct diameters up to 0.6 m, pressures up to 5 MPa and reaction times of 50 ms. It was necessary to construct a new airbag, capable of withstanding up to 10 bar pressure. The choice of material was critical to ensure sufficient strength and chemical resistance while retaining impermeability.

CFD modeling of the bag deployment into a pipe flow and analysis of the bag shapes was also completed. Two gas generators were constructed and tested with novel propellant materials.

Different airbag models were tested to evaluate their effectiveness. Risk analysis approach was applied to evaluate the safety and economic benefits of the new technology in different fields of application.