新型溴代阻燃剂TBB和TBPH的生态毒理研究进展

新型溴代阻燃剂2-乙基己基-四溴苯甲酸(2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate,TBB)和2,3,4,5-四溴-苯二羧酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl)2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate,TBPH)作为传统溴代阻燃剂多溴联苯醚(poly...     

抗生素废水的铁屑微电解预处理研究

研究了采用铁屑微电解法预处理抗生素废水.在进水COD质量浓度为6.2 g/L时,试验结果表明,经微电解处理后的废水,COD和色度的去除率分别达到68.3%和79.3%,BOD5/COD从0.306提高到0.56,废水的可生化性得到显著提高.通过正交试验考察pH、反应时间及铁屑用量对处理效果的影响,并对各因素作了单因素影响试验,确定了最佳工艺条件.     

PH3液相催化氧化净化研究

以Mn2 和Pd2 为催化剂的吸收液对含低浓度PH3的混合气进行了液相催化氧化净化研究.考察了催化剂配比、混合气中O2浓度、PH3初始浓度、反应温度、气体流量和吸收液pH与PH3净化效率的关系.结果表明,催化剂中Pd2 与Mn2 的质量比为1:4时可获得较佳的净化效果;随着混合气中O2浓度的增加,吸收液对PH3的净化效率有所提高;在20～75℃内,低温对PH3净化有利,较适宜的反应温度为20℃;较低的PH3初始浓度和低气体流量均有利于PH3的净化;较高的pH有利于吸收液中催化剂催化效能的发挥.吸收液对PH3的净化效率可达100%,但因吸收液中的金属离子易与催化氧化PH3产生的PO3-4形成沉淀,使金属离子脱离液相催化氧化系统,吸收液失效较快.     

耐热乳杆菌的分离及在食物垃圾乳酸发酵中的应用

食物垃圾在我国城市生活垃圾中占有较大比重.发酵食物垃圾生产乳酸是实现其资源化的有效方法.从厌氧发酵的食物垃圾中分离到一株耐热乳酸菌TY50,根据形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列,确定该菌株属于乳杆菌属的干酪乳杆菌组群(Lactobacillus casei group),其最高生长温度为52℃.TY50发酵食物垃圾生产乳酸的最佳同液比为1:12,最适温度为45 ℃.在pH 5.5～6.0条件下,发酵食物垃圾产生36.29 g/L的乳酸,乳酸体积产牢和转化率(乳峻/垃圾干重)分别达到1.01 g/(L·h)和0.44.     

Sorption of polar and nonpolar aromatic compounds to four surface soils of eastern China

Improved predictions on the fate of organic pollutants in surface environments require a better understanding of the underlying sorption mechanisms that control their uptake by soils. In this study, we monitored sorption of nine aromatic compounds with varying physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electron-donor/acceptor ability and polarity), including two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two chlorobenzenes, two nitroaromatic compounds, dichlobenil, carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous suspension of four surface soils of eastern China. The tested soils were characterized with respect to organic carbon (OC) content, black carbon content, mineralogy, morphology and size fraction to assess the role of the diverse soil characteristics in sorption. The results of this study show that not only the solute hydrophobicity and the OC content of soil are important to the retention of organic pollutants, but also the solute molecular structure and the soil nature.     

CO2捕集回收技术研究

主要介绍了常用的胺化合物吸收法、钙基吸收剂法、金属氧化物法等CO2捕集回收技术的最新研究进展及存在的问题,综合对比了各种方法的优缺点:胺化合物吸收法吸收速率快,但再生能耗较高,因此开发"高效低耗"的复合吸收剂成为研究的重点;钙基吸收剂法在高温环境下对CO2的吸收有较好的效果,但吸收剂的碳酸化转化率及热稳定性是有待解决的关键问题;金属氧化物法具有高的CO2吸收效率,但成本较高.在此基础上,探索了CO2捕集回收技术改进工艺,提出改善吸收剂性能、开发高效低耗的CO2选择性吸收剂将成为今后CO2捕集回收技术的研究方向.     

改进属性识别法在水质评价中的应用

为克服水质综合评价过程中指标权重带有主观性的弱点,提出了基于数据驱动技术确定权重的改进属性识别法,综合利用分类标准信息和样本信息进行迭代确定权重.采用浮桥河水库枯水期水质监测资料进行水质评价,验证了该模型用于水质综合评价的可行性.     

地震应急处置推演训练系统研究

地震灾害是破坏性极大的突发性自然灾害。震后高效、快速、有序地开展地震应急处置已是社会对各级政府和地震部门的客观要求。提出利用虚拟仿真技术、场景渲染技术和多媒体技术等研制用于培训的地震应急处置推演训练系统,它能快速生成不同的虚拟地震现场环境和与其相关的问题,让受训人员融入其中来进行地震应急的推演训练。给出了建立地震应急处置推演训练系统的总体设计方案,并对其技术框架和系统功能进行了较为详细的描述。     

Survey of heavy metal pollution and assessment of agricultural soil in Yangzhong district, Jiangsu Province, China

We investigated concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Ni, and Cr in samples of soil, cereal, and vegetables from Yangzhong district, China. Compared to subsoils, the sampled topsoils are enriched in Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As. High levels of Cd and Hg are observed in most agricultural soils. Concentrations of Cr and Ni show little spatial variation, and high Cu, Pb, and Zn contents correspond well to areas of urban development. High As contents are primarily recorded at the two ends of the sampled alluvion. The contents of Cd, Hg, and total organic carbon (TOC) increase gradually to maximum values in the upper parts of soil profiles, while Cr and Ni occur in low concentrations within sampled profiles. As, Pb, Cu, and Zn show patterns of slight enrichment within the surface layer. Compared to data obtained in 1990, Cd and Hg show increased concentrations in 2005; this is attributed to the long-term use of agrochemicals. Cr and Ni contents remained steady over this interval because they are derived from the weathering of parent material and subsequent pedogenesis. The measured As, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents show slight increases over time due to atmospheric deposition of material sourced from urban anthropogenic activity. Low concentrations of heavy metals are recorded in vegetables and cereals because the subalkaline environment of the soil limits their mobility. Although the heavy metal concentrations measured in this study do not pose a serious health risk, they do affect the quality of agricultural products.     

Zinc and cadmium accumulation and tolerance in populations of Sedum alfredii

To investigate the variation of Zn and Cd accumulation and tolerance of Sedum alfredii (a newly reported Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator), field surveys and hydroponic experiments were conducted among three populations of this species: two originating from old Pb/Zn mines in Zhejiang (ZJ) and Hunan (HN) Provinces and one from a "clean" site in Guangdong (GD) Province, China. Under field conditions, up to 12,524 and 12,253 mg kg(-1) Zn, and 1400 and 97 mg kg(-1) Cd in shoots of ZJ and HN plants were recorded respectively. Under hydroponic conditions, ZJ and HN plants accumulated significantly higher Zn and Cd in their leaves and stems, and possessed significantly higher Zn and Cd tolerance than GD plants. Among the two contaminated populations, ZJ plants showed higher Cd tolerance and accumulation (in leaves) than HN plants. The present results indicate that significant differences in Zn and Cd accumulation and tolerance exist in populations of S. alfredii.