环境影响评价中公众参与影响因素及方式分析研究

针对环境影响评价中公众参与影响因素及方式分析问题,介绍了环境影响评价中公众参与的特征,包括公开性、双向性和参与性,对公众参与的影响因素进行了分析,主要分析了利害关系人、法律制度、公共政策、市场经济发展水平和社会信息化程度,探讨了公众参与有效性要素的措施,主要有公众人员的选择、公众赋予的权力、参与时间的选择、解决矛盾能力和公众参与形式,在环境影响评价中进行公众参与不仅是环境影响评价本身的需要,同时也是中国民主制度的体现。     

昆虫飞行之谜

世界上有成千上万种昆虫,大多数都会飞。然而,长期以来人们对昆虫的飞行都困惑不解。比方说,一只普通的家蝇侧面朝上向天花板飞去,蓦地落到天花板上。它是怎样控制得如此娴熟完成这样高难度的颠倒“着陆”动作的呢?再比如,蜻蜓的飞行又是怎样达到每小时90多公里的高速的?还有,有些     

Enhanced debromination of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) by zero-valent zinc with ascorbic acid

• Highly efficient debromination of BDE-47 was achieved in the ZVZ/AA system. • BDE-47 debromination by the ZVZ/AA can be applied to a wide range of pH. • AA inhibits the formation of (hydr)oxide and accelerates the corrosion of ZVZ. • Reduction mechanism of BDE-47 debromination by the ZVZ/AA system was proposed. A new technique of zero-valent zinc coupled with ascorbic acid (ZVZ/AA) was developed and applied to debrominate the 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), which achieved high conversion and rapid debromination of BDE-47 to less- or non-toxic forms. The reaction conditions were optimized by the addition of 100 mg/L ZVZ particles and 3 mmol/L AA at original solution pH= 4.00 using the solvent of methanol/H₂O (v:v= 4:6), which could convert approximately 94% of 5 mg/L BDE-47 into lower-brominated diphenyl ethers within a 90 min at the ZVZ/AA system. The high debromination of BDE-47 was mainly attributed to the effect of AA that inhibits the formation of Zn(II)(hydr)oxide passivation layers and promotes the corrosion of ZVZ, which leads to increase the reactivity of ZVZ. Additionally, ion chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses revealed that bromine ion and lower-debromination diphenyl ethers formed during the reduction of BDE-47. Furthermore, based on the generation of the intermediates products, and its concentration changes over time, it was proposed that the dominant pathway for conversion of BDE-47 was sequential debromination and the final products were diphenyl ethers. These results suggested that the ZVZ/AA system has the potential for highly efficient debromination of BDE-47 from wastewater.     

控制轨道交通噪声道间声屏障研究

应用环境噪声预测与分析软件SOUNDPLAN对将设置在上海轨道交通6#线上下行线之间的道间声屏障插入损失进行了模拟计算。计算结果表明,安装道间声屏障可使得距离线路20～30m远的较高层建筑获得2～4.7dB的降噪效果;随着两侧声屏障高度的增加,安装道间声屏障对待测表面的影响范围在缩小;离轨道线路越近,道间声屏障的插入损失越大。     

Effect of fipronil on biogas production performance during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and corn straw

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that has a good control effect on pests of commercial poultry. Although many studies have reported the environmental fate of fipronil, the influence of residual fipronil in poultry waste on biogas production has not been further explored yet. In this article, an experimental comparative study on anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM) and corn straw (CS) with different fipronil concentrations (FCs) was carried at 8% of total solid (TS) and mid-temperature (35?±?1)°C. The results showed that fipronil had a significant effect on biogas production during AD of CM and CS. When the FC is at a low level (≤10?mg·kg^?1), the biogas production rate is increased and the digestion period was shortened, while higher FC (≥ 20?mg·kg^?1) showed an inhibitory effect. During the monitoring of enzyme activity, low FC showed no significant effect on cellulase and saccharase, but the urease activity increased in the early stage. High FC showed inhibition of activity of cellulase and urease, but the saccharase activity was significantly inhibited until FC reached 40?mg·kg^?1. This study also confirms that the environment in anaerobic digester is favorable for the degradation of fipronil, and its half-life is about 15.83?days.     

Probabilistic health risk assessment of nitrosamines in drinking water of Shaoxing,Zhejiang, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrosamines (NAms) are potent genotoxic and carcinogenic but widely detected in drinking water. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of...     

红壤和黄泥土对不同浓度六氯苯的吸附与解吸特征

采用批量平衡试验的方法,研究了不同初始浓度的六氯苯在红壤和黄泥土表面的吸附与解吸特征. 结果表明,六氯苯在红壤和黄泥土表面的吸附与解吸行为均可用Freundlich方程进行很好的拟合,其相关系数(R2)在0.97-0.99之间,并表现为非线性特征. 六氯苯在红壤和黄泥土上吸附的KadsF值均小于其解吸的KdesF值,说明六氯苯在这两种土壤表面的解吸表现为一定的滞后效应. 随着初始浓度的升高,其滞后效应增强,两者呈线性相关. 用不同方程对滞后系数H,ω和λ进行量化,发现不同浓度的六氯苯在土壤表面的解吸过程表现出正滞后效应.     

单兵装备系统人机工效仿真评价技术初步研究

本文结合士兵系统的发展概况,阐述了单兵装备人机工程仿真评价技术研究的重要性,并总结了目前的研究进展情况,进而重点介绍单兵装备人机工效仿真评价系统的最新研究成果,首次在三维仿真环境和基础数据库的支持下对单兵装备系统的可视性、可达性、舒适性等指标进行综合研究和评价。     

壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B动力学研究

采用仿生矿化法制备了壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒光催化剂,并用于可见光光催化降解猩红B染料模拟废水,研究了猩红B初始浓度、pH、催化剂投加量和催化剂重复使用次数等因素对猩红B光催化降解的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,壳聚糖能有效负载CdS纳米微晶.采用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型描述壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合颗粒可见光光催化降解猩红B反应动力学行为,在猩红B初始质量浓度较低(≤20 mg/L)时,光催化降解过程符合假一级动力学方程.降低猩红B初始浓度和溶液pH都可显著增大光催化降解速率常数;催化剂投加量小于0.7 g/L时,光催化降解速率随其增加而增大,但催化剂投加量过大会使光催化降解速率减小;催化剂重复使用第5次时,猩红B光催化降解速率常数仍为第1次使用时的63.4%.