循环经济与中国发展的C模式

循环经济是资源节约型和环境友好型社会的发展模式。中国未来的经济社会发展可以有三种模式：A模式——高消耗．高增长和高污染的强物质化模式：B模式——经济与环境绝对脱钩的减物质化模式：C模式——按照循环经济原则有较高资源生产率的发展模式。本文对比了循环经济模式与传统经济模式的差异．指出中国应该选择适合中国当前重化工业发展阶段的循环经济发展模式．即C模式。     

Green and efficient degradation of cefoperazone sodium by Bi4O5Br2 leading to the production of non-toxic products: Performance and degradation pathway

Photocatalytic process represents a promising approach to overcome the pollution challenge associated with the antibiotics-containing wastewater. This study provides a green, efficient and novel approach to remove cephalosporins, particularly cefoperazone sodium (CFP). Bi₄O₅Br₂ was chosen for the first time to systematically study its degradation for CFP, including the analysis of material structure, degradation performance, the structure and toxicity of the transformation products, etc. The degradation rate results indicated that Bi₄O₅Br₂ had an excellent catalytic activity leading to 78% CFP removal compared with the pure BiOBr (38%) within 120 min of visible light irradiation. In addition, the Bi₄O₅Br₂ presents high stability and good organic carbon removal efficiency. The effects of the solution pH (3.12 - 8.75) on catalytic activity revealed that CFP was mainly photocatalyzed under acidic conditions and hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Combined with active species and degradation product identification, the photocatalytic degradation pathways of CFP by Bi₄O₅Br₂ was proposed, including hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction and decarboxylation. Most importantly, the identified products were all hydrolysis rather than oxidation byproducts transformed from the intermediate of β-lactam bond cleavage in CFP molecule, quite different from the mostly previous studies. Furthermore, the final products were demonstrated to be less toxic through the toxicity analysis. Overall, this study illustrates the detailed mechanism of CFP degradation by Bi₄O₅Br₂ and confirms Bi₄O₅Br₂ to be a promising material for the photodegradation of CFP.     

盾构隧道施工对邻近建筑物差异沉降与扭曲变形影响分析∗

针对盾构隧道施工侧穿既有建筑物问题,结合南京地铁一号线北延段工程,以盾构隧道侧穿某浅基础建筑物为研究对象,通过对建筑物沉降实测数据进行分析,并利用Plaxis 3D 软件建立数值模型,研究了隧道距建筑物不同水平距离和盾构以不同角度穿越对建筑物差异沉降与扭曲变形特征的影响。结果表明：随着盾构开挖面逐渐接近建筑物,建筑物差异沉降及扭曲变形逐渐增大;差异沉降量在盾构机通过时达到最大值,之后趋于稳定,而扭曲变形峰值出现在盾构开挖面到达建筑物中点截面位置时,随后逐渐减小;当建筑物中心至隧道轴线的水平距离与隧道外径之比L/D=0.5~2 时,建筑物差异沉降量较大,在L/D=1.5 时达到峰值;当盾构穿越夹角从θ=0°增大至θ=90°时,建筑物最大差异沉降量不断增加,而最终扭曲变形值则先增大后减小,在θ=45°时扭曲变形达到峰值。研究结果可为盾构隧道侧穿浅基础建筑物时相关类似工程提供参考。     

空塔钠碱法烟气脱硫实验研究

在内径200mm,高度1100mm的喷淋塔内,采用Na2CO3作为吸收剂进行SO2吸收实验,重点研究了液气比(L/G)、空塔气速、进口SO2质量浓度、吸收液pH及初始浓度对脱硫效率的影响。通过实验得到该系统适宜操作条件:吸收液pH值在6.5～7.5之间,液气比在1～1.5之间,吸收液初始浓度5%,空塔气速1.6m/s,在此条件下,进口SO2质量浓度在3000mg/m3以内,脱硫效率可以达到80%以上。     

银川活动断层卫星遥感图像解译

采用对地表具有一定穿透能力的合成孔径雷达数据（ENVISAT ASAR）和光谱信息丰富的常规光学遥感数据（Landsat-7 ETM）作为主要数据源,综合了雷达遥感与光学遥感的成像优势,利用图像预处理、图像增强处理与多源遥感信息融合突出了银川研究区的活动断裂遥感影像特征。根据活动断层遥感解译标志,共解译出8条主要活动断层,分别为银川-平罗断裂、芦花台断裂、镇北堡断裂、黄河-灵武断裂、贺兰山东麓断裂带、黎家新庄-南泉子断裂、三关口断裂与青铜峡断裂,并对其影像特征与空间分布规律进行详细分析。银川活动断裂的解译分析为该地区的地震安全性评价与地震活动性分析奠定了基础。     

O3/UV降解喹啉过程中不同氧化剂的相对重要性

研究O₃/UV降解自配喹啉水溶液时水体中存在的不同氧化剂对喹啉降解的相对重要性的结果表明,O₃和·OH是喹啉降解过程的主要氧化剂.通过靛蓝二磺酸钠法和·OH探针化合物(对氯苯甲酸)法分别测定了水体中的O₃浓度和·OH浓度,定量地计算了O₃和·OH在降解喹啉时的相对重要性,得到喹啉与·OH的二级反应速率常数为6.65×10⁹mol·(L·s)^-1.在本试验条件下,由·OH引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的88%,而由O₃引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的12%.提高水体中·OH的浓度有利于提高喹啉的总降解速率.     

生物法净化挥发性有机废气的吸附-生物膜理论模型与模拟研究

针对挥发性有机废气的生物法净化过程,进行了吸附-生物膜新型理论的相关动力学模型研究.经采用实验室数据和工业应用试验结果的对比验证表明,该模型对描述实际过程有很好的适用性.应用该模型对人口气体甲苯浓度、气体流量及生物膜填料层高度等主要因素的影响进行模拟研究,模拟计算值与实验值之间有较好的相关性,相关系数r为0.80～0.97.     

大气污染物对流垂直输送作用的探讨

利用一个欧拉型硫沉降模式探讨了积云对硫污染物的对流垂直输送作用．结果表明,积云引起的垂直气流是造成大气污染物浓度分布及输送通量变化的重要因素．对流垂直输送可使硫污染物在高层出现大浓度区,浓度的增加率为５０％—４００％,中层和低层的浓度相应也有所变化．积云区内南北剖面上的通量也因对流输送作用在高层出现了大值中心．     

A numerical study of summer ozone concentration over the Kanto area of Japan using the MM5/CMAQ model

We assessed the ability of the MM5/CMAQ model to predict ozone (O3) air quality over the Kanto area and to investigate the factors that a ect simulation of O3. We find that the coupled MM5/CMAQ model is a useful tool for the analysis of urban environmental problems. The simulation results were compared with observational data and were found to accurately replicate most of the important observed characteristics. The initial and boundary conditions were found to have a significant e ect on simulated O3 concentrations. The results show that on hot and dry days with high O3 concentration, the CMAQ model provides a poor simulation of O3 maxima when using initial and boundary conditions derived from the CMAQ default data. The simulation of peak O3 concentrations is improved with the JCAP initial and boundary conditions. On mild days, the default CMAQ initial and boundary conditions provide a more realistic simulation. Meteorological conditions also have a strong impact on the simulated distribution and accumulation of O3 concentrations in this area. Low O3 concentrations are simulated during mild weather conditions, and high concentrations are predicted during hot and dry weather. By investigating the e ects of di erent meteorological conditions on each model process, we find that advection and di usion di er the most between the two meteorological regimes. Thus, di erences in the winds that govern the transport of O3 and its precursors are likely the most important meteorological drivers of ozone concentration over the central Kanto area.     

兰州西固工业区夏季光化学烟雾污染的气象条件

通过对兰州西固工业区光化学烟雾污染规律与气象条件的关系的研究表明,在高空槽后的低空弱高压控制下,西固区出现高的臭氧浓度值,此时大气层结稳定,风很小,天气晴朗,但中午有浓重烟雾,臭氧浓度峰值在中午出现。该区盆地内形成的光化学烟雾烟团水平面积达几十公里,臭氧浓度的日变化取决于太阳总辐射和大气边界层的日变化。