地表水质自动监测系统建设及运行管理研究

文章重点介绍了地表水水质自动监测系统的建设、运行、管理及应用,提出了标准化、智能化、实用性、统一性、可升级和可扩展性相结合的系统建设原则,从加强运营维护、完善监管机制、加强质量管理、严格绩效考核、科学审核数据五方面探讨了系统运行管理模式,强调自动监测数据在环境管理工作中的重要应用.文章最后对物联网、云计算和大数据技术在推动水质自动监测系统发展方面进行了展望.     

Escherichia coli inactivation by pressurized CO2 treatment methods at room temperature: Critical issues

This study aims to increase the inactivation efficiency of CO_2 against Escherichia coli under mild conditions to facilitate the application of pressurized CO_2 technology in water disinfection. Based on an aerating-cycling apparatus, three different treatment methods(continuous aeration, continuous reflux, and simultaneous aeration and reflux) were compared for the same temperature, pressure(0.3–0.7 MPa), initial concentration, and exposure time(25 min). The simultaneous aeration and reflux treatment(combined method) was shown to be the best method under optimum conditions, which were determined to be 0.7 MPa, room temperature, and an exposure time of 10 min. This treatment achieved 5.1-log reduction after 25 min of treatment at the pressure of 0.3 MPa and 5.73-log reduction after 10 min at 0.7 MPa. Log reductions of 4.4 and 5.0 occurred at the end of continuous aeration and continuous reflux treatments at 0.7 MPa, respectively.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images suggested that cells were ruptured after the simultaneous aeration and reflux treatment and the continuous reflux treatment. The increase of the solubilization rate of CO_2 due to intense hydraulic conditions led to a rapid inactivation effect. It was found that the reduction of intracellular p H caused by CO_2 led to a more lethal bactericidal effect.     

发光细菌的生理特性及其在环境监测中的应用

就发光细菌的生理特性、发光细菌毒性试验在环境监测中的应用及该技术的新进展３个方面进行了较为全面的概述;评价了发光细菌毒性试验的特点,提出了该技术今后的发展方向;可以预见它将成为环境监测的重要手段。     

银川活动断层卫星遥感图像解译

采用对地表具有一定穿透能力的合成孔径雷达数据（ENVISAT ASAR）和光谱信息丰富的常规光学遥感数据（Landsat-7 ETM）作为主要数据源,综合了雷达遥感与光学遥感的成像优势,利用图像预处理、图像增强处理与多源遥感信息融合突出了银川研究区的活动断裂遥感影像特征。根据活动断层遥感解译标志,共解译出8条主要活动断层,分别为银川-平罗断裂、芦花台断裂、镇北堡断裂、黄河-灵武断裂、贺兰山东麓断裂带、黎家新庄-南泉子断裂、三关口断裂与青铜峡断裂,并对其影像特征与空间分布规律进行详细分析。银川活动断裂的解译分析为该地区的地震安全性评价与地震活动性分析奠定了基础。     

空塔钠碱法烟气脱硫实验研究

在内径200mm,高度1100mm的喷淋塔内,采用Na2CO3作为吸收剂进行SO2吸收实验,重点研究了液气比(L/G)、空塔气速、进口SO2质量浓度、吸收液pH及初始浓度对脱硫效率的影响。通过实验得到该系统适宜操作条件:吸收液pH值在6.5～7.5之间,液气比在1～1.5之间,吸收液初始浓度5%,空塔气速1.6m/s,在此条件下,进口SO2质量浓度在3000mg/m3以内,脱硫效率可以达到80%以上。     

O3/UV降解喹啉过程中不同氧化剂的相对重要性

研究O₃/UV降解自配喹啉水溶液时水体中存在的不同氧化剂对喹啉降解的相对重要性的结果表明,O₃和·OH是喹啉降解过程的主要氧化剂.通过靛蓝二磺酸钠法和·OH探针化合物(对氯苯甲酸)法分别测定了水体中的O₃浓度和·OH浓度,定量地计算了O₃和·OH在降解喹啉时的相对重要性,得到喹啉与·OH的二级反应速率常数为6.65×10⁹mol·(L·s)^-1.在本试验条件下,由·OH引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的88%,而由O₃引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的12%.提高水体中·OH的浓度有利于提高喹啉的总降解速率.     

生物法净化挥发性有机废气的吸附-生物膜理论模型与模拟研究

针对挥发性有机废气的生物法净化过程,进行了吸附-生物膜新型理论的相关动力学模型研究.经采用实验室数据和工业应用试验结果的对比验证表明,该模型对描述实际过程有很好的适用性.应用该模型对人口气体甲苯浓度、气体流量及生物膜填料层高度等主要因素的影响进行模拟研究,模拟计算值与实验值之间有较好的相关性,相关系数r为0.80～0.97.     

A numerical study of summer ozone concentration over the Kanto area of Japan using the MM5/CMAQ model

We assessed the ability of the MM5/CMAQ model to predict ozone (O3) air quality over the Kanto area and to investigate the factors that a ect simulation of O3. We find that the coupled MM5/CMAQ model is a useful tool for the analysis of urban environmental problems. The simulation results were compared with observational data and were found to accurately replicate most of the important observed characteristics. The initial and boundary conditions were found to have a significant e ect on simulated O3 concentrations. The results show that on hot and dry days with high O3 concentration, the CMAQ model provides a poor simulation of O3 maxima when using initial and boundary conditions derived from the CMAQ default data. The simulation of peak O3 concentrations is improved with the JCAP initial and boundary conditions. On mild days, the default CMAQ initial and boundary conditions provide a more realistic simulation. Meteorological conditions also have a strong impact on the simulated distribution and accumulation of O3 concentrations in this area. Low O3 concentrations are simulated during mild weather conditions, and high concentrations are predicted during hot and dry weather. By investigating the e ects of di erent meteorological conditions on each model process, we find that advection and di usion di er the most between the two meteorological regimes. Thus, di erences in the winds that govern the transport of O3 and its precursors are likely the most important meteorological drivers of ozone concentration over the central Kanto area.     

新型汽车尾气净化催化剂的研究

研究Ｌａ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ催化剂的活性和热稳定性,结果表明,该催化剂具有低温活性良好、活性高以及热稳定性好的性能特点,对ＣＯ、ＨＣ氧化的Ｔ５０％和Ｔ１００％分别约为１８２℃,２３８℃和２４０℃、２６５℃,催化剂表面组分发生强相互作用形成３种活性中心,是催化剂低的起燃温度,高活性的原因。催化剂高温处理后未发生烧结,活性未下降,热稳定性良好。