用核子微探针进行单个大气颗粒物的分析

本文对单个大气颗粒物进行了分析研究，用核子微探针对首钢地区单个大气颗粒物进行了扫描分析，用三维等高线法给出了各种元素在一群单个大气颗粒物中的二维分布。从一群单个大气颗粒物中各元素的二维分布可对首钢地区大气污染的特征及来源进行分析研究。     

Key features of new particle formation events at background sites in China and their influence on cloud condensation nuclei

New particle formation (NPF) event at multi rural sites in China Identifying the characteristics of NPF event Comparing NPF event between clean and polluted conditions Quantifying contribution to the cloud condensation nuclei Implication of climate and air quality Long-term continuous measurements of particle number size distributions with mobility diameter sizes ranging from 3 to 800 nm were performed to study new particle formation (NPF) events at Shangdianzi (SDZ), Mt. Tai (TS), and Lin’an (LAN) stations representing the background atmospheric conditions in the North China Plain (NCP), Central East China (CEC), and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions, respectively. The mean formation rate of 3-nm particles was 6.3, 3.7, and 5.8 cm⁻³·s⁻¹, and the mean particle growth rate was 3.6, 6.0, and 6.2 nm·h⁻¹ at SDZ, TS, and LAN, respectively. The NPF event characteristics at the three sites indicate that there may be a stronger source of low volatile vapors and higher condensational sink of pre-existing particles in the YRD region. The formation rate of NPF events at these sites, as well as the condensation sink, is approximately 10 times higher than some results reported at rural/urban sites in western countries. However, the growth rates appear to be 1–2 times higher. Approximately 12%–17% of all NPF events with nucleated particles grow to a climate-relevant size (>50 nm). These kinds of NPF events were normally observed with higher growth rate than the other NPF cases. Generally, the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration can be enhanced by approximately a factor of 2–6 on these event days. The mean value of the enhancement factor is lowest at LAN (2–3) and highest at SDZ (~4). NPF events have also been found to have greater impact on CCN production in China at the regional scale than in the other background sites worldwide.     

二氧化氯的发生技术

本文对国内外ＣｌＯ２的发生技术进行了综合评述，详尽地介绍了作者自行研制的ＣｌＯ２发生技术和装置，认为我国推广应用ＣｌＯ２消毒处理饮用水的时机已经成熟。     

东京根霉对重金属Cr^3＋、Mn^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附研究

利用固定化发酵中产生的废菌体——东京根霉（Rhizopustonkinesis）去除废水中Cr^3＋、Mn^2＋和Zn^2＋,研究了预处理、pH、温度、金属离子初始浓度、吸附时间等条件对吸附量的影响。结果表明，用NaOH浸泡4—6h、在pH=5—6，温度25-35℃时吸附效果最好，用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin方程对其吸附等温线进行拟合，相关性都比较好；用不同的吸附动力学方程描述东京根霉吸附金属离子的最优和最次模型分别为Elovich方程和一级扩散方程，双常数方程和抛物线扩散方程拟合介于前二者之间。     

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance. • Pore structure determines organic matter (OM) removal mechanism. • Microbial community structure is related to pore structure and OM removal. Optimizing the characteristics of granular activated carbon (GAC) can improve the performance of biologically activated carbon (BAC) filters, and iodine value has always been the principal index for GAC selection. However, in this study, among three types of GAC treating the same humic acid-contaminated water, one had an iodine value 35% lower than the other two, but the dissolved organic carbon removal efficiency of its BAC was less than 5% away from the others. Iodine value was found to influence the removal of different organic fractions instead of the total removal efficiency. Based on the removal and biological characteristics, two possible mechanisms of organic matter removal during steady-state were suggested. For GAC with poor micropore volume and iodine value, high molecular weight substances (3500–9000 Da) were removed mainly through degradation by microorganisms, and the biodegraded organics (soluble microbial by-products,<3500 Da) were released because of the low adsorption capacity of activated carbon. For GAC with higher micropore volume and iodine value, organics with low molecular weight (<3500 Da) were more easily removed, first being adsorbed by micropores and then biodegraded by the biofilm. The biomass was determined by the pore volume with pore diameters greater than 100 μm, but did not correspond to the removal efficiency. Nevertheless, the microbial community structure was coordinate with both the pore structure and the organic removal characteristics. The findings provide a theoretical basis for selecting GAC for the BAC process based on its pore structure.     

松嫩平原含盐碱斑的重度盐化草甸土种稻脱盐过程

以松嫩平原西部内陆盐碱湿地的重度苏打盐化草甸土与盐土、碱土镶嵌形成的复区为对象，进行了种稻脱盐过程试验。在不采取化学、物理等其他措施的前提下，单纯采用种稻水洗方法，经过5年连续试验，土壤表层平均盐分质量分数由4．5％降至0．15％，水稻产量由第1年的近于零，上升到第4年的4250kg／hm^2，表明运用简单的种稻脱盐方法改良强度苏打盐化草甸土与盐土、碱土复区具有可行性。这一结果对合理利用劣质土壤资源和重建西部严重荒漠化生态景观具有指导意义。     

上海化学工业区土壤重金属元素形态分析

选取上海化学工业区土壤背景值样品，采用Tessier A连续提取法研究土壤中6种重金属元素的形态分布。研究结果表明，在该化工区土壤中，Cd主要以可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主，分别占总量的41．5％和36．7％，说明元素Cd较活泼，具有潜在的环境影响能力，应该给予更多的关注；Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn等4种元素主要以有机结合态和残余态为主，两者分别占总量的41．4％、58．9％、31．4、32．5％和45．9％、31．5％、57．4％、52．3％；而Pb则主要以有机结合态形式存在，其占总量的87．8％；元素形态分析表明Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn和Pb这5种元素相对比较稳定。     

沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药定量分析的质量保证和质量控制

以美国ＥＰＡ为方法为基础,进行了沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药分析的质量保证和质量控制实验,采用回收率指示物控制回收率,用内标法定量。结果表明多环芳烃的指示物回收率为５０．６７－９７．３３％,目标化合物的回收率为５８．６７－９６．３３％,方法检测限为３．３０－９．２６μｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。     

团花锦蛇、绿锦蛇和三索锦蛇的核型及Ag-NORs

报道了锦蛇属团花锦蛇（Ｅ．ｄａｖｉｄｉ）、绿锦蛇（Ｅ．ｐｒｖｓｉｎａ）和三索锦蛇（Ｅ．ｒａｄｉａｔａ）３个种的核型和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ,团花锦蛇的型２ｎ＝３６（８Ｖ＋６ｓＶ＋２Ｉ＋２０Ｍ）,绿锦蛇的核型２ｎ＝３６（７Ｖ＋７ｓＶ＋２Ｉ＋２０ｍ）,三索锦蛇的核型２ｎ＝４０（６Ｖ＋３ｓＶ＋２ｓＩ＋５Ｉ＋２４ｍ）;①团花锦蛇和绿锦蛇的染色体数目和结构与此属大多数咱的相似,;②此种为雄性,未见染色体异型。③Ａｇ