塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地污染型气溶胶垂直分布及其潜在来源

采用CALIPSO卫星level2气溶胶廓线产品,分析了2017年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区气溶胶光学厚度、消光系数和气溶胶类型的时空分布特征,并利用HYSPLIT模式研究了秋冬季节污染型气溶胶的输送路径.结果表明：①研究区域内2017年气溶胶光学厚度均值在0.08~0.73之间变化,最大值出现在春季.②气溶胶消光系数分布在0~0.5 km^-1的频率最高,4 km以下的气溶胶消光系数高于4 km以上.春、夏、秋、冬四季气溶胶消光系数廓线的最大值分别为0.350、0.243、0.160、0.356 km^-1,分别出现在1.23、1.41、2.55、1.12 km高度处.③与春夏季相比,秋冬季节出现污染沙尘型气溶胶的频率更高,分别为23.4%、26.9%,污染大陆型气溶胶主要出现在冬季的0~2 km处,烟尘型气溶胶主要出现在秋季的6~8 km处.HYSPLIT模式模拟结果表明,秋冬季节沙漠腹地上空6 km处的污染型气溶胶与阿克苏、喀什等地区有关,2 km处的污染型气溶胶与和田地区有关,其中,喀什地区可能是沙漠腹地上空污染型气溶胶的主要源区.     

上海宝山区城市土壤铅污染来源的同位素判别

对上海市宝山区月浦公园和蕴川公路菜田采集的土壤柱样,进行了土壤粒度、铅(Pb)含量及其稳定同位素比值的垂向变化分析,以探讨土壤的铅污染特征及其来源.结果表明,菜田和公园土壤柱样中铅含量分别为17.2～34.8 mg.kg-1和17.5～36.5 mg.kg-1,菜田土壤207Pb/206Pb和208Pb/206Pb分别为0.827～0.849和2.082～2.101,公园土壤则为0.839～0.848和2.089～2.099.2个土壤柱样中铅含量及其富集因子(EF)、207Pb/206Pb和208Pb/206Pb比值都随深度增加而减小,菜田和公园表层土壤(表层10 cm)Pb的富集因子基本都大于1.5,指示了菜田和公园土壤表层较高含量的铅系人为活动外源输入所致.对比前人关于上海不同污染源铅稳定同位素比值的研究结果,菜田和公园表层土壤铅同位素特征介于长江河口潮间带沉积物和工业燃煤粉尘之间,且EF>1.5,样品更接近燃煤产物,说明宝山区表层土壤铅污染主要来自工矿企业燃煤所产生的粉尘.     

一次强降水过程TWP16风廓线雷达资料分析

利用TWP16风廓线雷达资料,对2019年8月10—15日"利奇马"台风在辽宁盘锦登陆引发的强降水天气过程进行诊断分析.结果表明,风廓线雷达资料从时间和空间上能准确清晰地对这次强降水的天气系统变化过程进行连续监测.对流层中下层径向速度大于9 m/s(极值为11.2 m/s)、SNR大于55 dB(极值为70 dB)、Cn2大于1.0×10–10、速度谱宽大于2.5 m/s是强降水发生发展阶段,整个大气层垂直风场运动与降水过程有着较好的对应关系.对流中下层垂直下沉速度数值越大,降水越强,SNR能够很好地揭示强降水发生、发展、结束时雷达接收到目标散射信号的强弱,Cn2最大值1.0×10–10出现的最大探测高度和持续时间与降水有密切的关系.降雨不同高度层内,速度谱宽与其降雨量存在着显著的线性关系,即降雨强度越强,速度谱宽数值越大,反之利用速度谱宽的变化趋势可以得到降水强的变化趋势.研究结果揭示了风廓线雷达水平风廓线、径向速度、SNR、速度谱宽与降雨强度之间的内在联系,为风廓线雷达应用在降雨天气监测提供了参考.     

京津冀及周边地区“十四五”及中长期PM2.5污染控制目标的健康效益预估研究

京津冀及周边地区是我国最具有代表性的空气污染较严重的城市群,为探究重污染地区空气污染的疾病负担及其未来空气质量改善的健康效益,基于环境因子人群疾病负担评估的基本方法,评估了京津冀及周边地区“2+26”城市2015年的PM_2.5相关疾病负担,并对该地区在“十四五”及中长期PM_2.5污染控制目标下的未来PM_2.5疾病负担进行了预估研究,分析了PM_2.5污染控制目标带来的健康效益.结果表明:①2015年“2+26”城市PM_2.5所致超额死亡数为15.11×104例.②若不考虑人口变化,未来空气质量按“十四五”及中长期PM_2.5污染控制目标改善,预计到2025年、2030年和2035年“2+26”城市PM_2.5所致超额死亡数将分别降至11.49×104、10.62×104和9.85×104例,比2015年分别减少了23.96%、29.72%和34.79%.③分年龄段和分疾病对比发现,65岁以上老年人群PM_2.5相关超额死亡数的占比较高且有上升趋势,与PM_2.5相关的心脑血管系统疾病（中风和缺血性心脏病）的超额死亡数在PM_2.5相关超额死亡总数中占比最大,且有增加的趋势.研究显示,京津冀及周边地区“2+26”城市未来空气质量的改善将大幅降低空气污染相关疾病负担,带来显著的健康效益,但由于人口增长和老龄化的影响,未来较长时间内我国空气污染带来的疾病负担依然较重,应持续改善空气质量,并关注脆弱人群的健康防护,以进一步降低空气污染相关疾病负担.      

合肥市PM1.0污染特征及与PM2.5污染相关性

对合肥市2014—2019年秋冬季节PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、气象和理化性质等进行分析研究发现,PM_(1.0)质量浓度呈现年度波动性下降趋势,其中2015—2016年度变化最为显著。同一年度内,月度浓度同样呈现波动性变化,总体表现为11、2月PM_(1.0)质量浓度相对较低,12、1月相对较高。无污染情形时(PM_(2.5)浓度不高于75μg/m~3),PM_(1.0)/PM_(2.5)逐小时值相对平稳且比有污染情形(PM_(2.5)浓度大于75μg/m~3)总体高约10%;有污染情形下,PM_(1.0)/PM_(2.5)小时值呈现较明显的日变化特征,09∶00呈现谷值,17∶00呈现峰值,日变化特征显著高于无污染情形。PM_(1.0)质量浓度随着PM_(2.5)级别的上升而逐渐增加,PM_(1.0)/PM_(2.5)值则呈减小的污染特征。严重污染时,PM_(1.0)/PM_(2.5)显著下降,PM_(1.0～2.5)占比增加。传输型污染过程中,PM_(1.0)与OC、PM_(2.5)、SO_4~(2-)等呈现出显著的正相关性,污染来源主要为工业源、燃煤源、道路尘等,共占载荷为83.90%。本地累积型污染过程中,PM_(1.0)与PM_(2.5)、SO_4~(2-)、Ba和Cu等呈现出较好相关性,污染来源主要为烟花爆竹与二次生成,共占载荷为87.94%。     

Spatial differentiation of comprehensive suitability of urban human settlements based on GIS: a case study of Liaoning Province,China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The comprehensive suitability of regional human settlements is of great significance to the development and spatial distribution of regional human...     

Potential distribution of Blumea balsamifera in China using MaxEnt and the ex situ conservation based on its effective components and fresh leaf yield

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Blumea balsamifera is a famous Chinese Minority Medicine, which has a long history in Miao, Li, Zhuang, and other minority areas. In recent years, due...     

Effect of Mn2+ on the phosphorus removal and bioflocculation under anoxic condition

Manganese ion (Mn²⁺) generated from metallurgical, steel making and chemical industries enters sewage treatment plants and affects the sludge activity and flocculation. The effect of Mn²⁺ on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) and sludge activity were investigated in anoxic zone of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A²O) process. The compositions and structures of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were characterized using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to reveal the relationship among Mn²⁺, EPS and sludge flocculation.The results showed that low concentration of Mn²⁺ (<5 mg/L) improved removal efficiencies of COD and TP and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn²⁺ increased total EPS, sludge contact angle, Zeta potential and sludge particle size, and thus enhanced sludge flocculation. However, high concentration of Mn²⁺ (>10 mg/L) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced removal efficiencies of the pollutants. When Mn²⁺was 5 mg/L, removal efficiencies of COD and TP reached 65% and 90%, respectively. Sludge flocculation was the best and SVI was 70.56 mL/g. The changes of Mn²⁺ concentration caused deviation of groups’ compositions in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, where the main components were always protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS). The addition of Mn²⁺ resulted in the degradation of humic acids. However, it did not give rise to significant morphology changes of EPS.     

Numerical analysis on a novel CGPFs for improving NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency to reduce exhaust pollutant emissions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Improving the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency under cold-start conditions (low-temperature conditions) is still the...     

PM2.5-bound phthalates and phthalate substitutes in a megacity of southern China: spatioseasonal variations,source apportionment,and risk assessment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plasticizers are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, whereas few efforts have been made to elucidate their emission sources in the atmosphere....