黑河流域草地承载力研究

应用RS和GIS技术,从研究区植被类型、土壤侵蚀、坡度、距水源距离、生物多样性和生态系统保护等方面,确定了黑河流域不适合和适合放牧的区域。在适合放牧的区域,根据草地类型估测产草量。在牧草分配方面,从避免土壤侵蚀和遭遇干旱时保证植被群落弹性和再生的需要以及满足昆虫和土壤无脊椎动物及野生动物需要两个方面考虑了满足生态需要的牧草生物量。在确定放牧强度时,从坡度和距离水源远近两个方面考虑了载畜量的减少比例。在此基础上,计算出满足生态保护需要的草地承载力。研究结果表明,黑河流域适合放牧的区域仅占总面积的17.693%,在适合放牧的区域,天然草地的承载力为0.009～2.055只羊单位/hm²。     

印尼8.7级和8.5级强震后江苏体应变同震效应分析

2004年12月26日和2005年3月29日在印尼苏门答腊北部分别发生8.7级和8.5级强烈地震后,对江苏地区前兆体应变资料进行分析发现,在这两次地震的震后都记录到了显著的异常,且异常的表现形式各不相同。本文列出这些异常并浅析,以期对进一步深入研究印尼大震对我国未来地震趋势的影响有所帮助。     

构建循环经济体系的系统经济学分析

本文首先从经济系统与循环经济体系之间的关系出发,论述了大力建设循环经济体系的关键点;接着描述传统经济系统中存在的主要问题,分析现有循环经济研究框架的不足;最后从系统经济学角度提出了一些完善中国循环经济体系建设的对策。     

低浓度CO2在聚苯胺/Y分子筛复合材料上的吸附

根据原位聚合方法将不同量的苯胺分别聚合在Y分子筛上,得到3种聚苯胺(PANI)/Y分子筛复合材料PANI-Y~(-1)、PANI-Y-2及PANI-Y-3,用傅立叶红外及氮气吸附实验表征了材料的结构特征,探讨了复合材料对常压下低浓度CO_2的吸附及再生性能.结果表明,苯胺在Y分子筛上成功聚合,复合材料的比表面积分别为52、54和35 m2·g~(-1),孔道由大孔和少量中孔组成,微孔极少.PANI负载量越大,材料的孔容越低.20℃下,初始体积分数为10%的CO_2在复合材料与Y分子筛上的吸附符合Logistic模型,吸附量的顺序为PANI-Y-2(2.09 mmol·g~(-1))PANI-Y-3(1.79 mmol·g~(-1))PANI-Y~(-1)(1.07 mmol·g~(-1))Y分子筛(0.80 mmol·g~(-1)),复合材料对CO_2的吸附受PANI负载量和比表面积的共同影响.在2%~10%的范围内,CO_2在复合材料上的吸附量随初始体积分数增加而增加;在25~65℃下,吸附量随温度升高而降低.80℃下,PANI-Y-2的4次热再生效率较差,仅68%;采用氨水/热再生相结合的方式脱附CO_2,再生率提高到94%.     

Responses of soil ammonia oxidizers to a short-term severe mercury stress

The responses of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) to mercury(Hg) stress were investigated through a short-term incubation experiment.Treated with four different concentrations of Hg(CK,Hg25,Hg50,and Hg100,denoting 0,25,50,and 100 mg Hg/kg dry soil,respectively),samples were harvested after 3,7,and 28 day incubation.Results showed that the soil potential nitrification rate(PNR) was significantly inhibited by Hg stress during the incubation.However,lower abundances of AOA(the highest in CK: 9.20 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil) and AOB(the highest in CK: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50:7.49 × 10~6 copies/g dry soil) were observed only at day 28 of incubation(P 0.05).Moreover,only the community structure of soil AOB obviously shifted under Hg stress as seen through DGGE profiles,which revealed that 2–3 distinct AOB bands emerged in the Hg treatments at day 28.In summary,soil PNR might be a very useful parameter to assess acute Hg stress on soil ecosystems,and the community structure of soil AOB might be a realistic biological indicator for the assessment of heavy metal stress on soil ecosystems in the future.     

基于RS-SVM模型的风暴潮灾害损失测度

论文以现有的风暴潮灾害研究为基础,通过构建评估指标体系提出了基于粗糙集-支持向量机模型(RS-SVM模型)的风暴潮灾害损失测度方法。RS-SVM模型较好的将二者优点进行结合,消除数据冗余信息的同时可以快速、准确解决非线性问题。在上述研究的基础上,对比单纯使用SVM方法与RS-SVM组合使用下的风暴潮经济损失测度效果,发现粗糙集与支持向量机在数据属性约简并进行预测过程中,确保了较高的拟合度与较低的误差率。     

一种新型烟气除尘脱硫脱氮一体化装置

提出了一种新型高效烟气除尘脱硫脱氮一体化装置,该装置将三种先进的技术有机结合,取得了相得益彰的效果:采用独特溢流装置的自激式除尘器进行除尘和脱硫脱氮,采用球面筛板塔进行二次除尘和脱硫脱氮,采用结构新颖的汽水分离器进行进一步除尘和脱硫脱氮。该装置不仅实现烟气的高效脱硫脱氮,而且可实现有用细微粉尘即稀有金属的回收。此类装置还可应用于矿山、化工和建材等领域中的湿法除尘。     

沈阳市北部污水处理厂工艺设计的特点

详细介绍了污水处理厂的设计规模、SDAO污水处理工艺、各个单体构筑物的主要设计参数,SDAO工艺采用圆形曝气池,在工艺和结构设计上有所创新。污泥采用消化处理,污泥加热方式比较科学。     

Hygroscopicity measurement of sodium carbonate, β-alanine and internally mixed β-alanine/Na2CO3 particles by ATR-FTIR

Water-uptakes of pure sodium carbonate(Na_2CO_3),pure β-alanine and internally mixedβ-alanine/Na_2CO_3 aerosol particles with different mole ratios are first monitored using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) technique.For pure Na_2CO_3 aerosol particles,combining the absorptions at 877 and 1422 cm-1 with abrupt water loss shows the efflorescence relative humidity(ERH) of 62.9%–51.9%.Upon humidifying,solid Na_2CO_3 firstly absorbs water to from Na_2CO_3·H2 O crystal at 72.0% RH and then deliquesces at 84.5% RH(DRH).As for pure β-alanine particles,the crystallization takes place in the range of 42.4%–33.2% RH and becomes droplets at ～ 88.2% RH.When β-alanine is mixed with Na_2CO_3 at various mole ratios,it shows no efflorescence of Na_2CO_3 whenβ-alanine to Na_2CO_3 mole ratio(OIR) is 2:1.For 1:1 and 1:2 β-alanine/Na_2CO_3 aerosols,the ERHs of Na_2CO_3 are 51.8%–42.3% and 57.1%–42.3%,respectively.While β-alanine crystal appears from 62.7% RH for 2:1 and 59.4% RH for both 1:1 and 1:2 particles and lasts to driest state.On hydration,the DRH is 44.7%–75.2% for Na_2CO_3 with the OIR of 1:1 and 44.7%–69.0%for 1:2 mixture,and those of β-alanine are 74.8% for 2:1 mixture and 68.9% for two others.After the first dehumidification–humidification,all the water contents decrease despite of constituent fraction.And at ～ 92% RH,the remaining water contents are 92%,89% and 82%at ～ 92% RH,corresponding to OIR of 2:1,1:1 and 1:2 mixed system,respectively.     

Revealing the changes of bacterial community from water source to consumers tap: A full-scale investigation in eastern city of China

This study profiled the bacterial community variations of water from four water treatment systems,including coagulation,sedimentation,sand filtration,ozonation-biological activated carbon filtration(O₃-BAC),disinfection,and the tap water after the distribution process in eastern China.The results showed that different water treatment processes affected the bacterial community structure in different ways.The traditional treatment processes,including coagulation,sedimentation and sand f...