电子垃圾拆解区及其周边大气中得克隆的污染和呼吸暴露研究

添加型高氯代阻燃剂得克隆(dechlorane plus,DP)因为在环境中表现出普遍存在性、持久性、生物富集性、长距离迁移性和毒性,近年来迅速引起各国环境科学家的关注和重视。DP广泛应用于电线电缆等电子产品塑料中,粗放式电子垃圾拆解活动已被证实是环境中DP的重要污染来源之一。为探讨电子垃圾拆解区及其周边地区大气中DP的污染特征、呼吸暴露剂量和影响因素,对典型电子垃圾拆解区贵屿(GY)及其周边地区陈店(CD)和对照市区(广州市天河区,TH)进行大气采样和DP分析,并运用Monte Carlo模拟计算其日呼吸摄入剂量,同时对暴露参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明:受当地粗放式电子垃圾拆解活动的影响,GY大气中的DP平均浓度(范围)高达(1 119±1 021)pg·m-3(410~3 381 pg·m-3),远高于CD(52.2±30.2,20.9~102 pg·m-3)和TH(5.04±2.73,0.967~9.43 pg·m-3);受GY大气污染扩散迁移的影响,CD大气中的DP浓度也显著高于TH(t-test,P=0.006);GY大气中反式DP的比例(fanti)与DP商业品(fanti=0.70)无显著差异(t-test,P=0.08),这与其存在本地排放源一致,而TH大气中的fanti显著低于DP商业品(t-test,P=0.000);3个地区居民的DP日均呼吸摄入剂量(pg·kg-1·d-1)分别为:GY成人1 888,儿童1 912;CD成人60.9,儿童62.8;TH成人5.16,儿童5.25;呼吸速率是DP日呼吸摄入剂量的主要贡献因子,其次为大气中的DP浓度和体重,体重对于儿童的影响远高于成人。上述研究结果表明GY及其周边地区居民均处于较高DP呼吸暴露风险中。     

Particle-bound Dechlorane Plus and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in ambient air around Shanghai, China

In present study, atmospheric particles from Shanghai, the biggest city and the most important industrial base in China, were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP). Concentrations of ∑(20)PBDEs and DP both exhibited the changing trend of industrial area > urban areas. Jiading District had the highest levels of particulate PBDEs and DP with values of 744 ± 152 pg/m(3) and 5.48 ± 1.28 pg/m(3), respectively. Compared with similar data in other areas of the world, PBDEs in Shanghai were at medium pollution level, while DP was at lower level, which reflected their different production and use in Shanghai. The results from multiple linear regression analysis suggested that deca-BDE mixture was the most important contributor of particulate PBDEs in Shanghai. The fractions of anti-DP showed no significant differences to those of the technical mixtures (p > 0.05), which suggested that no obviously stereoselective process occurred in ambient air around Shanghai.     

塑料食品包装材料的环境污染综述

塑料食品包装材料是食品包装的重要组成部分,但其与食品直接接触时易释放大量化学品和添加剂,且废弃后会分解成粒径小的微塑料,由此造成的环境污染和生态健康风险受到世界各国的广泛关注,并针对食品包装塑料中有害化学品向食品中的释放迁移过程、微塑料及其中化学品的环境污染过程等开展了大量研究.本文综述了常用塑料食品包装材料的种类、用...     

Spatial distribution and convergence of provincial carbon intensity in China and its influencing factors: a spatial panel analysis from 2000 to 2017

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Unbalanced and inadequate development in China has resulted in significant temporal and spatial differences in carbon intensity, impeding the...