改性海绵铁深度除磷及其再生磷回收方法

为了从污染水体中去除磷并有效回收磷资源,本文研究了海绵铁改性前后吸附除磷特性,并构建海绵铁除磷渗滤床,考察了其连续流除磷特性及再生活化方法,并探究再生废液中磷回收生成鸟粪石的工艺条件.结果表明:硫酸改性后的海绵铁对磷的最大理论吸附容量从改性前4.17 mg·g~(-1)提升至18.18 mg·g~(-1).吸附饱和的改性海绵铁,采用1 mol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠解吸和6%硫酸再活化后,能够达到98%的活化率.海绵铁除磷渗滤床在长达约200 d的连续流运行实验中表现出良好的除磷能力,在进水TP=10 mg·L~(-1),HRT=1 h条件下,磷综合去除率达30%～89%,累积单位容积磷吸附量达到6.95 kg·m~(-3).海绵铁碱再生后的废液可以用于回收鸟粪石,其最佳生成条件为:pH=10,n(Mg~(2+))∶n(PO_4~(3-))∶n(NH~+_4)=1.3∶1∶1.1.在最优条件下,磷回收率可以达到97.8%.本研究提供的方法对于污染水体中磷营养元素的去除及回收利用具有理论与实践意义.     

象山港网箱养殖对海域环境的影响及其养殖环境容量研究

以象山港海域的潮流模型和物质输运模型为基础,建立了各网箱养殖区的氮、磷污染物排放量与研究海域水质之间的响应关系,对该海域的养殖污染状况进行了模拟,讨论了该海域的网箱养殖环境容量.结果表明,象山港内的氮、磷浓度在养殖区密集的港顶海域超出一类水质标准;该海域的氮、磷养殖环境容量分别为670.74t/a和77.32t/a.目前,象山港内各网箱养殖区的污染物排放量已超出其容量,需进行削减.     

Effect of methamidophos on soil fungi community in microcosms by plate count, DGGE and clone library analysis

Methamidophos was widely used a pesticide in northern China. The potential influences of methamidophos on soil fungal community in black soil were assessed by plate count, 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE, and clone library analysis. Three methamidophos levels (50, 150, and 250 mg/kg) were tested in soil microcosms. Results from plate count during a 60-d microcosm experiment showed that high concentrations of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) could significantly stimulate fungal populations. DCGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting patterns showed a significant difference between the responses of culturable and total fungi communities under the stress of methamidophos. Shannon diversity indices calculated from DGGE profiles indicated that culturable fungi in all microcosms with methamidophos treatment increased after 1 week of incubation. However, the diversity indices of total fungi decreased in the first week, as compared to the stimulation of culturable fungi. At the 8th week, however, all the microcosms treated by methamidophos were similar to the control microcosms in community structure as suggested by the Shannon diversity indices for both culturable and total fungi. In contrast, after 1 week the fungal structure of culturable and unculturable both were disturbed to different extent under the stresses of methamidophos by clustering analysis. Clone sequencing analysis indicated the stimulation of pathogenic and unculturable fungal populations by methamidophos treatment, suggetsing potential risks of plant disease outbreak.     

污水灌溉的研究进展

科学合理地利用污水灌溉,可以缓解日益紧张的水资源供需矛盾,充分利用污水的水肥资源,提高经济效益,保护生态环境.总结了国内外污水灌溉的发展概况和研究进展,包括污水灌溉对土壤理化特性的影响、对植物生长的影响以及对地下水的影响,并针对中国污水灌溉存在的问题,探讨了污水灌溉技术的发展方向.     

Soil fungistasis and its relations to soil microbial composition and diversity: a case study of a series of soils with different fungistasis

Fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens.Some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established,which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community composition,structure,diversity as well as function.In this study,the bacterial community composition and diversity of a series of soils treated by autoclaving,which coming from the same original soil sample and showing gradient fungistasis to the target soil-borne pathogen fungi Fusarium gr...