Prenatal diagnosis using deletion studies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Accurate carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) families is facilitated when an Xp21 deletion is found to be segregating within a family. We discuss the results of the DNA testing in two families, one in which DNA from affected males was available for study and the other in which no DNA from an affected male was available. Factors complicating the counselling of DMD deletion families are outlined.     

Sludge-grown algae for culturing aquatic organisms: Part II. Sludge-grown algae as feeds for aquatic organisms

This project investigated the feasibility of using sewage sludge to culture microalgae (Chlorella-HKBU) and their subsequent usage as feeds for rearing different organisms. Part II of the project evaluated the results of applying the sludge-grown algae to feedOreochromis mossambicus (fish),Macrobrachium hainenese (shrimp), andMoina macrocopa (cladocera). In general, the yields of the cultivated organisms were unsatisfactory when they were fed the sludge-grown algae directly. The body weights ofO. mossambicus andM. macrocopa dropped 21% and 37%, respectively, although there was a slight increase (4.4%) inM. hainenese. However, when feeding the algal-fed cladocerans to fish and shrimp, the body weights of the fish and shrimp were increased 7% and 11% accordingly. Protein contents of the cultivated organisms were comparable to the control diet, although they contained a rather high amount of heavy metals. When comparing absolute heavy metal contents in the cultivated organisms, the following order was observed: alga > cladocera > shrimp, fish > sludge extracts. Bioelimination of heavy metals may account for the decreasing heavy metal concentrations in higher trophic organisms.     

ZnCl2-微波法制甘蔗渣活性炭工艺条件研究

以工业副产物甘蔗渣为原料,ZnCl2-微波法制备活性炭,用正交实验研究了活化剂ZnCl2浸泡浓度、浸泡时间、微波功率和作用时间等实验因素对活性炭性能的影响.     

模拟排水沟渠非点源溶质氮迁移实验研究

农田排水沟渠是由水-底泥-植物组成的复合生态结构,其间非点源溶质的迁移转化对研究沟渠拦截、控制和管理农业非点源污染具有重要意义.本研究以模拟排水沟渠静态实验为基础,以典型非点源溶质氮素为例,分析了实验期内水体、底泥及芦苇不同介质内氮含量变化过程,分析了底泥吸附与解析、芦苇生长与衰败等年内不同时期对水体中氮素浓度的影响,探讨了水-底泥-芦苇复合生态体内氮迁移及对水体中氮浓度的影响机制.结果表明,底泥的吸附与解吸、芦苇生长的吸收和同化对水体中氮素浓度均有影响,10月之前这种影响表现为促使水体中氮素浓度降低,是水体的氮净化过程;10月之后这种净化作用开始降低,11月之后表现为促使水体中氮素浓度升高.同时,模拟沟渠水-底泥-芦苇生态体内氮迁移联系密切,任一介质内或介质间氮素迁移转化都会引起水体中氮素浓度相应调整.     

小流域前置库表层沉积物农药分布特征及影响因素

利用LC-MS检测了高铺小河及前置库不同水文期15个表层水体及沉积物中8种常用农药,探讨了表层沉积物农药的分布特征、影响因素及沉积物-水交换行为。结果表明:研究区表层水体和沉积物中阿特拉津等8种农药都有检出,季节性变化从高到低依次为丰水期>平水期>枯水期;表层沉积物农药分布特征显示前置库对农药有明显削减作用;表层沉积物中所检农药的分布受TOC及粒径分布的影响。沉积物-水交换行为研究表明:高埔小河前置库主要通过颗粒沉降作用去除水中农药类有机污染物,沉积物农药作为二次污染源对上覆水风险性较小。     

重大事故根源分析的周易社会层级模型研究

重大事故的发生有着多重的致因因素,目前国内流行的事故调查与分析主要是针对企业或者组织内部的人因与管理失误,缺乏对事故社会原因的分析与探讨。将国际上流行的事故致因理论与中国的传统文化周易相结合,提出了重大事故根源分析的"周易社会层级模型"假设,将重大生产安全事故的致因调查与根源分析划分为六个社会层级因素与防护屏障,包括直接原因(危险监控层)、间接原因(作业控制层)、系统原因(管理体系层)以及社会原因(公司治理层、标准规范层和法律法规层),并以此为基础开发出周易社会层级模型的重大事故根源分析工具。通过该模型在重大事故调查与根源分析实际案例中的应用,结果表明该模型不仅可以分析时间事件链中每个关键事件或状态的直接原因、间接原因和系统原因,还能找到公司治理、标准规范和法律规范等方面的社会原因,可为重大事故的调查与根源分析提供参考思路、方法和工具。     

Characterization of typical taste and odor compounds formed by Microcystis aeruginosa

Production and characteristics of typical taste and odor (T&O) compounds by Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated. A few terpenoid chemicals, including 2-MIB, β-cyclocitral, and β-ionone, and a few sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, were detected. β-Cyclocitral and β-carotene concentrations were observed to be relevant to the growth phases of Microcystis. During the stable growth phase, 41-865 fg/cell of β-cyclocitral were found in the laboratory culture. β-Cyclocitral concentrations correlated closely with β-carotene concentrations, with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.96, as it is formed from the cleavage reaction of β-carotene. For dead cell cases, a high concentration of dimethyl trisulfide was detected at 3.48-6.37 fg/cell. Four T&O compounds, including β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, heptanal and dimethyl trisulfide, were tested and found to be able to inhibit and damage Microcystis cells to varying degrees. Among these chemicals, β-cyclocitral has the strongest ability to quickly rupture cells.     

2种连续提取法提取3种类型土壤中重金属研究

连续提取法作为一种重要的化学分析方法,是土壤中重金属元素形态分析的主要环节,但不同提取法对于不同的土壤类型及同类土壤中不同重金属形态的提取效果差异很大.本文采用Tessier法和Maiz法等2种不同的连续提取法对华中地区常见的3种类型土壤(红壤、黄棕壤和黄褐土)中的Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn分别进行重金属形态分析,同时对Tessier法和Maiz法获得的结果进行了对比和分析.