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261.
Occurrence, fate and antibiotic resistance of fluoroquinolone antibacterials in hospital wastewaters in Hanoi, Vietnam 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Duong HA Pham NH Nguyen HT Hoang TT Pham HV Pham VC Berg M Giger W Alder AC 《Chemosphere》2008,72(6):968-973
Occurrence and behavior of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents (FQs) were investigated in hospital wastewaters in Hanoi, Vietnam. Hospital wastewater in Hanoi is usually not treated and this untreated wastewater is directly discharged into one of the wastewater channels of the city and eventually reaches the ambient aquatic environment. The concentrations of the FQs, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) in six hospital wastewaters ranged from 1.1 to 44 and from 0.9 to 17 micrgl(-1), respectively. Total FQ loads to the city sewage system varied from 0.3 to 14 g d(-1). Additionally, the mass flows of CIP and NOR were investigated in the aqueous compartment in a small wastewater treatment facility of one hospital. The results showed that the FQ removal from the wastewater stream was between 80 and 85%, probably due to sorption on sewage sludge. Simultaneously, the numbers of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were measured and their resistance against CIP and NOR was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Biological treatment lead to a 100-fold reduction in the number of E. coli but still more than a thousand E. coli colonies per 100ml of wastewater effluent reached the receiving water. The highest resistance was found in E. coli strains of raw wastewater and the lowest in isolates of treated wastewater effluent. Thus, wastewater treatment is an efficient barrier to decrease the residual FQ levels and the number of resistant bacteria entering ambient waters. Due to the lack of municipal wastewater treatment plants, the onsite treatment of hospital wastewater before discharging into municipal sewers should be considered as a viable option and consequently implemented. 相似文献
262.
Bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in different foods using an in vitro digestion method 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xing GH Yang Y Yan Chan JK Tao S Wong MH 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1218-1226
Bioaccessibility of organic pollutants in food is important for exposure estimation and risk assessment. An in vitro enzyme digestion experiment was carried out to analyze the bioaccessibility of PCBs in different foods including freshwater fish (bighead carp and oriental weather fish) and vegetables (spinach and cabbage). The results indicated that the bioaccessibility of PCBs in freshwater fish (3%) was much lower than that in leafy vegetables (25%). Based on field survey, the daily exposure TEQ value from these two types of food was 17.9 pg/kg bw/day. However, when bioaccessibility was taken into consideration, the value decreased to 0.61 pg/kg bw/day. Therefore, the forms of PCBs existing in food strongly influenced the bioavailability for humans, which may have important implications on dietary exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to illustrate the bioaccessibility of PCBs in different foods using an in vitro digestion method. 相似文献
263.
Minh NH Minh TB Kajiwara N Kunisue T Iwata H Viet PH Cam Tu NP Tuyen BC Tanabe S 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):1794-1801
The Mekong River delta is one of the largest agricultural land in the Southeast Asia. It plays a very important role for agriculture and fisheries in South Vietnam. However, comprehensive studies on the environmental pollution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Mekong River delta have not been carried out in recent years. In this study, we collected sediment samples from the Mekong River to evaluate the contamination and ecological risks caused by several POPs. The contamination pattern of POPs was DDT>PCBs>CHLs>HCHs>HCB. DDTs are the most abundant pollutants, their concentration ranging from 0.01 to 110 ng/g dry wt, followed by PCBs (0.039-9.2 ng/g dry wt). DDTs and PCBs concentrations were higher in sediment from adjacent to urban areas than those from rural and agricultural sites, suggesting urban areas as important point sources of DDTs and PCBs to the river. Ratio of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE was lower compared to those previously reported. However, some samples still had the ratio higher than 0.5, indicating recent input of DDT into the aquatic environments. This result shows that although the magnitude of contamination decreased over time, recent inputs of DDTs to the river still occur. Some sediment samples had concentrations of DDT compounds higher than the standards from the Canadian Environmental Quality Guideline, suggesting continuous monitoring for POPs contamination in the Mekong River is necessary. 相似文献
264.
This paper applies artificial neural network (ANN) to model the observed effluent quality data. The ANN’s structure, involving
the number of hidden layer and node and their connection, is determined endogenously by resorting to the compromise of data
cost minimization and prediction accuracy maximization. To obtain the best compromise possible, the model introduces an aspiration
variable (μ) that represents the level of aspiration achieved in one objective and the conjugate of μ, (1 − μ), represents level of aspiration achieved in the other objective. Because a massive amount of calculation is required, the
model applies genetic algorithm (GA) for its computational flexibility and capability to ensure global solution. Feasibility
and practicality of the model is tested by a case study with a set of 150 daily observations on 17 operational variables and
quality parameters at an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WTP) located in southern Taiwan. Of these 17 variables open
to selection, only 6 variables, wastewater flow rate (Q), CN−, SS, MLSS, pH and COD are selected by the model to achieve the maximum accuracy of prediction, 0.94, with a total cost of
5,950 NT$. By constraining budget availability, the variables included in the model are reduced in number, causing a concomitant
reduction in prediction accuracy, that is, by varying μ (aspiration level of accuracy), a trajectory of cost and accuracy is generated. The calculation results a cost of 3,650 NT$
and 0.54 accuracy for the case with variables including flow rate, SCN− and SS in equalization basin; aeration tank hydraulic retention time (HRT) and percentage of returned sludge (R%) are selected for building the prediction model when the importance of required budget is equal to the accuracy of prediction
model. In addition, when required cost for building ANN model is between 3,650 NT$ and 3,900 NT$, the marginal return of budget
input is highest in the entire range of calculation. 相似文献
265.
Chang Shih-An Kuan Chia-Hsuan Hung Chi-Yen Wang Tai-Chi Chen Chen Yu-Sheng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(57):85669-85675
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to investigate the impact of weather conditions on the daily incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic in late spring 2021 in Taiwan, which... 相似文献
266.
Hung Ngo Thai Trang Nguyen Thu Thang Nguyen Thanh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(40):60098-60116
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental quality and economic activity have a strong relationship. Carbon emissions remain one of the world’s most dangerous environmental... 相似文献
267.
Lin Ya-Wen Peng Sheng-Yuan Lee Wei-Hao Lin Yan-Yu Hung Ming-Jui Lin Kae-Long 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):1069-1081
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study developed a novel approach to the hydrothermal synthesis of eco-hydroxyapatite (eco-HPA) from recycled limestone sludge for the removal... 相似文献
268.
Radwan Mohammed K. H. Onn Chiu Chuen Mo Kim Hung Yap Soon Poh Chin Ren Jie Lai Sai Hin 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(4):4751-4785
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Coal fly ash and granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) are more widely used as supplementary cementitious materials in cement production. This... 相似文献