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181.
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183.
Faiyaz Shakeel Nazrul Haq Fars K. Alanazi Ibrahim A. Alsarra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(7):5187-5200
The aim of present study was to develop and evaluate sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) self-microemulsifying systems (SMES) for the removal of an anionic dye xylenol orange (XO) from its bulk aqueous media via liquid–liquid adsorption. The composition of SDS SMES was optimized by Box–Behnken statistical design for the maximum removal of XO from its aqueous solution. Various SDS formulations were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method and characterized for thermodynamic stability, self-microemulsification efficiency, droplet size, and viscosity. Adsorption studies were conducted at 8, 16, and 24 h by mixing small amounts of SDS formulations with relatively large amounts of bulk aqueous solution of XO. Droplet size and viscosity of SDS formulations were significantly influenced by oil phase concentration (triacetin), while surfactant concentration had little impact on droplet size and viscosity. However, the percentage of removal of XO was influenced by triacetin concentration, surfactant concentration, and adsorption time. Based on lowest droplet size (35.97 nm), lowest viscosity (29.62 cp), and highest percentage of removal efficiency (89.77 %), formulation F14, containing 2 % w/w of triacetin and 40 % w/w of surfactant mixture (20 % w/w of SDS and 20 % w/w of polyethylene glycol 400), was selected as an optimized formulation for the removal of XO from its bulk aqueous media after 16 h. These results indicated that SDS SMES could be suitable alternates of solid–liquid adsorption for the removal of toxic dyes such as XO from its aqueous solution through liquid–liquid adsorption. 相似文献
184.
Chi Kim Lim Hui Han Bay Azmi Aris Zaiton Abdul Majid Zaharah Ibrahim 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):5056-5066
Reactive dyes account for one of the major sources of dye wastes in textile effluent. In this study, decolorization of the monoazo dye, Acid Orange 7 (AO7) by the Enterococcus faecalis strain ZL that isolated from a palm oil mill effluent treatment plant has been investigated. Decolorization efficiency of azo dye is greatly affected by the types of nutrients and the size of inoculum used. In this work, one-factor-at-a-time (method and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize these operational factors and also to study the combined interaction between them. Analysis of AO7 decolorization was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, desorption study, UV–Vis spectral analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimum condition via RSM for the color removal of AO7 was found to be as follows: yeast extract, 0.1 %?w/v, glycerol concentration of 0.1 %?v/v, and inoculum density of 2.5 %?v/v at initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L at 37 °C. Decolorization efficiency of 98 % was achieved in only 5 h. The kinetic of AO7 decolorization was found to be first order with respect to dye concentration with a k value of 0.87/h. FTIR, desorption study, UV–Vis spectral analysis, FESEM, and HPLC findings indicated that the decolorization of AO7 was mainly due to the biosorption as well as biodegradation of the bacterial cells. In addition, HPLC analyses also showed the formation of sulfanilic acid as a possible degradation product of AO7 under facultative anaerobic condition. This study explored the ability of E. faecalis strain ZL in decolorizing AO7 by biosorption as well as biodegradation process. 相似文献
185.
In order to explore soil profile CO2 transport and production, values of vertical soil profile CO2 concentration, moisture and temperature were measured continuously during whole cotton growing season in oasis cotton field of Aksu National Experimental Station of Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, central Asia. Simultaneously, soil CO2 efflux was measured by chamber system to assess the deducing result by Fick’s first law. In our experiment, soil CO2 effluxes were determined by two related intimately methods. Soil CO2 releasing at 0–20 cm depth was calculated by gas transport equation and was found to be closely related to soil CO2 efflux. However, mean values of soil CO2 production at 0–20 cm depth were less than those of soil CO2 efflux during the whole cotton growing season. Moreover, there were some negative values of CO2 production at 0–20 cm depth found during the experimental period. 相似文献
186.
Z. Nahrul Hayawin H. P. S. Abdul Khalil M. Jawaid M. Hakimi Ibrahim A. A. Astimar 《The Environmentalist》2010,30(3):273-278
The aim of this work was to study the physical and chemical properties of different oil palm wastes, viz. empty fruit bunch
(EFB), oil palm frond (OPF) and oil palm trunk (OPT). A study (84 days duration) was conducted to evaluate the efficiency
of an exotic earthworm species (epigeic-African Nightcrawler (Eudrilus euginae)) for the decomposition of different types of oil palm wastes (EFB, OPT and OPF) into valuable vermicompost. The decrease
in earthworm’s biomass gain for EFB, OPT and OPF may be due to exhaustion of worm feed in vermicomposters. The percentage
of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in vermicompost was found to increase while pH and total organic carbon declined as
a function of the vermicomposting period. The vermicompost obtained showed an increase in heavy metal content for all the
reactors, but levels were still in the range of nutrient in the vermicompost. The data reveal that vermicomposting (using
African Nightcrawler) is a suitable technology for the decomposition of oil palm wastes, especially EFB into value-added material. 相似文献
187.
188.
The use of accumulated waste materials in third world countries is still in its early phases. It will take courage for contractors and others in the construction industry to recycle selected types of waste materials in the concrete mixes. This paper addresses the recycling of rubber tires accumulated every year in Jordan to be used in concrete mixes. The main objectives of this research were to provide more scientific evidence to support the use of legislation or incentive-based schemes to promote the reuse of accumulated waste tires. This research focused on using crumb tires as a replacement for a percentage of the local fine aggregates used in the concrete mixes in Jordan. Different concrete specimens were prepared and tested in terms of uniaxial compression and splitting tension. The main variable in the mixture was the volumetric percentage of crumb tires used in the mix. The test results showed that even though the compressive strength is reduced when using the crumb tires, it can meet the strength requirements of light weight concrete. In addition, test results and observations indicated that the addition of crumb rubber to the mix has a limited effect toward reducing the workability of the mixtures. The mechanical test results demonstrated that the tested specimens of the crumb rubber concrete remained relatively intact after failure compared to the conventional concrete specimens. It is also concluded that modified concrete would contribute to the disposal of the non-decaying scrap tires, since the amount being accumulated in third world countries is creating a challenge for proper disposal. Thus, obliging authorities to invest in facilitating the use of waste tires in concrete, a fundamental material to the booming construction industry in theses countries, serves two purposes. 相似文献
189.
Ibrahim Yakubu 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(4):376-378
In order to prevent ‘an impending neem failure’, from the incidence of the twin problems of the neem scale insect infestations
and neem dieback, six authenticated provenances (Allahabad, Karnataka, Jodphur, Madinipur, Mukkambu and Annur), from the natural
range of the species in India, were collected and appraised for survival in a degraded land in Kano, Nigeria. Established
in a completely randomised block design with four replications, the trial was conducted with a view to restrengthening and/or
replacing the already weakened Local Land Race of the species in the study area. There was a statistically significant difference
in the survival of the seven provenances. The established differences are between Allahabad 83% (6.40 SEM), Mukkambu 83% (6.40 SEM),
Annur 76% (4.90 SEM), Jodphur 63% (15.09 SEM) and Madinipur 56% (6.73 SEM), on the one hand, and Karnataka 17% (1.91SEM) and
the Local Land Race, with 13% (0.13 SEM), on the other hand. The research recommends Allahabad and Mukkambu 83% (6.40 SEM)
based on this outstanding performance. 相似文献
190.
Inadequate management of biomedical waste can be associated with risks to healthcare workers, patients, communities and their environment. This study was conducted to assess the handling and treatment of biomedical waste in different healthcare settings in Egypt. Five hospitals and ten primary healthcare settings were surveyed using a modified survey questionnaire for waste management. This questionnaire was obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), with the aim of assessing the processing systems for biomedical waste disposal. Researchers found that biomedical waste is inadequately processed in hospitals and primary healthcare settings due to the absence of written policies and protocols. Accordingly, healthcare staff, patients, the community and the environment may be negatively affected by exposure to the hazards of biomedical waste. The development of waste management policies, plans, and protocols are strongly recommended, in addition to establishing training programs on proper waste management for all healthcare workers. 相似文献