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771.
Evaluating the impact of water conservation on fate of outdoor water use: a study in an arid region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this research, the impact of several water conservation policies and return flow credits on the fate of water used outdoors in an arid region is evaluated using system dynamics modeling approach. Return flow credits is a strategy where flow credits are obtained for treated wastewater returned to a water body, allowing for the withdrawal of additional water equal to the amount returned as treated wastewater. In the return credit strategy, treated wastewater becomes a resource. This strategy creates a conundrum in which conservation may lead to an apparent decrease in water supply because less wastewater is generated and returned to water body. The water system of the arid Las Vegas Valley in Nevada, USA is used as basis for the dynamic model. The model explores various conservation scenarios to attain the daily per capita demand target of 752 l by 2035: (i) status quo situation where conservation is not implemented, (ii) conserving water only on the outdoor side, (iii) conserving water 67% outdoor and 33% indoor, (iv) conserving equal water both in the indoor and outdoor use (v) conserving water only on the indoor side. The model is validated on data from 1993 to 2008 and future simulations are carried out up to 2035. The results show that a substantial portion of the water used outdoor either evapo-transpires (ET) or infiltrates to shallow groundwater (SGW). Sensitivity analysis indicated that seepage to groundwater is more susceptible to ET compared to any other variable. The all outdoor conservation scenario resulted in the highest return flow credits and the least ET and SGW. A major contribution of this paper is in addressing the water management issues that arise when wastewater is considered as a resource and developing appropriate conservation policies in this backdrop. The results obtained can be a guide in developing outdoor water conservation policies in arid regions. 相似文献
772.
Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr(Ⅲ) 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Loofa sponge (LS) immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana (LSIBCS), isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr(Ⅲ) by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana (FBCS) from 10-300 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr(Ⅲ) ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr(Ⅲ) biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr(Ⅲ) could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order: EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr(Ⅲ) binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from wastewater. 相似文献
773.
Alnawajha Mohammad Mohammad Kurniawan Setyo Budi Imron Muhammad Fauzul Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Hasan Hassimi Abu Othman Ahmad Razi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(39):58430-58453
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing intensification of the aquaculture industry requires the development of new strategies to reduce the negative impacts of wastewater on... 相似文献
774.
Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad Zarei Abdorreza Hachesu Vida Rezaei Zolfaghari Ahmad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(32):48347-48347
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
775.
Rabbany Md Ghulam Mehmood Yasir Hoque Fazlul Sarker Tanwne Hossain Kh Zulfikar Khan Arshad Ahmad Hossain Mohammad Shakhawat Roy Rana Luo Jianchao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):444-456
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study analyzes the effects of credit constraints on technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in the district of Pabna in Bangladesh. Using a... 相似文献
776.
Iqbal Amir Tang Xuan Jahangir Sayeda Hussain Shahid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(45):68161-68178
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines the endogenous growth theory for technological innovation and economic growth with the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and... 相似文献
777.
Khanna Kanika Kohli Sukhmeen Kaur Ohri Puja Bhardwaj Renu Ahmad Parvaiz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):30908-30934
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be one of the most toxic pollutants persistent in soil for thousands of years and is ranked on seventh position among... 相似文献
778.
Noureen Shaista Iqbal Javed Chishti Muhammad Zubair 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(30):45665-45682
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The literature review of ample body indicates that the majority of the studies rely on a single proxy, while exploring the determinants of... 相似文献
779.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Pastoralism is mostly related to specific ethnic group or group of people whose livelihoods generally depend on production of livestock in the... 相似文献
780.
Qayyum Muhammad Abdul Sultan Muhammad Habib Farooq Zahid Muddassir Khawaja Farooq Tahir Irfan Ahmad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(55):83191-83210
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Esophageal cancer is a very deadly disease ranking 8th most common cancer in terms of incidence and the 6th highest in terms of mortality both in the... 相似文献