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971.
M. Lodenius U. Skarén P. Hellstedt E. Tulisalo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):325-333
Mercury concentrations were monitored in European otter (Lutra lutra), European polecat (Mustela putorius) and European pine marten (Martes martes) collected in Eastern Finland during the period 1972–2008. Otters mainly eat fish, which is an important reason to monitor the bioaccumulation of mercury in this predator. In this species, the highest concentrations were found in fur followed by liver and kidney, and the mercury concentrations increased with increasing age and body weight. Males showed in general higher concentrations than females of otters. The food of European polecat consists of small mammals, frogs, birds and insects from both aquatic and terrestrial food chains. The mercury concentrations were lower than in otters without significant differences related to body weight or sex. In European pine martens, the concentrations were rather evenly distributed except for two specimens with high concentrations. Also, concentrations of some other metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were analysed from liver samples of otter. Possible adverse effects of mercury on the Finnish populations of these mustelids are discussed. 相似文献
972.
Distribution of selected carcinogenic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in an oil-polluted agriculture zone 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. O. Nwaichi M. O. Wegwu U. L. Nwosu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8697-8706
Owing to the importance of clean and fertile agricultural soil for the continued existence of man, this study investigated the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some heavy metals in soils and selected commonly consumed vegetables and tubers from oil-polluted active agricultural farmland in Gokana of Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples from Umuchichi, Osisioma Local Government Area in Abia State, Nigeria, a non-oil-polluted area constituted the control. In test and control, up to 3,830?±?19.6 mgkg?1 dw and 6,950?±?68.3 mgkg?1 dw (exceeding DPR set limits) and 11.3?±?0.04 mgkg?1 dw and 186?±?0.02 mgkg?1 dw for TPH and PAHs, respectively, were recorded in test soil and plant samples, respectively. Among the metals studied (Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe and Zn), Pb and Cr uptake exceeded WHO set limits for crops in test samples. Combined sources of pollution were evident from our studies. Bitterleaf and Waterleaf could be tried as bioindicators owing to expressed contaminants uptake pattern. 相似文献
973.
A. B. Attygalle O. Vostrowsky H. J. Bestmann S. Steghaus-Kovac U. Maschwitz 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1988,75(6):315-317
We wish to thank Prof. V. Schurig (Tübingen) for lending us the columns for preliminary studies, and Prof. K. Mori (Tokyo), N. Frighetto and R. T. S. Frighetto (Erlangen) for optically active samples of 4-methyl-3-heptanol. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
974.
Phenolic xenoestrogens in surface water, sediments, and sewage sludge from Baden-Württemberg, south-west Germany. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nine structurally different phenolic chemicals, which have been reported to mimic estrogen effects, were determined in various aquatic environmental compartments. Twenty-three water samples from five streams and rivers showed levels up to 458 ng/l for 4-nonylphenol (4NP), 189 ng/l for 4-t-octylphenol (4tOP), 272 ng/l for bisphenol A (BPA) and 47 ng/l for 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2OHBiP). Elevated levels of these compounds in a stream with a high load of effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs), compared to a brook free of sewage, identified STPs as major sources. With a similar order, 4NP (10-259 micrograms/kg dry matter), 4tOP (< 0.5-8 micrograms/kg), BPA (< 0.5-15 micrograms/kg), and 2OHBiP (2-69 micrograms/kg) were also detected regularly in riverine sediment (n = 11). Levels in sewage sludge were one order of magnitude higher than in sediments. 4-Hydroxybiphenyl and 4-chloro-3-methylphenol were found predominantly in sludge and sediment in the lower ppb range. 相似文献
975.
J. M. Jauch J. -J. Schmidt J. Giesecke U. Schmidt-Rohr K. Hauffe W. Diepold F. L. Boschke G. Lensch G. C. Amstutz F. Umland U. Wannagat W. A. Bingel R. Tschesche R. Wegler W. Sandritter L. Jaenicke G. Weirich H. Autrum E. Bünning K. Keil W. Oppelt Omar Wing H. P. Künzi F. M. Neubauer V. Weidemann G. Berset 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1969,56(10):519-524
976.
No evidence for the work-conflict hypothesis in the eusocial naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber ) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The work-conflict hypothesis (Reeve 1992) postulates that in eusocial naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) colonies there is potential conflict between the breeding female and her non-breeding colony mates over how much aid they
provide in support of her reproduction. Non-breeders may withhold aid either because they are hopeful reproductives and/or
because they have less to gain in terms of inclusive fitness. Breeding females should, therefore, preferentially direct aggression
in the form of shoving (prolonged pushes usually involving nose-to-nose contact) towards large (hopeful reproductives) and
less related non-breeders to incite them to provide aid. This study tested the following predictions of the work-conflict
hypotheses. (1) There is kin bias in the shove rate of breeding females and work rates of non-breeders; (2) Shoving activates
work in non-breeders. We found no evidence to suggest that the breeding female shove rate and the amount of colony maintenance
activities performed by non-breeders is influenced by relatedness. Body size was a better predictor of work rate and shove
rate; large animals were shoved more and worked less. Furthermore, shoving did not affect the work rate of non-breeders and
rarely incited activity in inactive mole-rats. Individual mole-rats were also more likely to be shoved when already active
than when resting in the nest. These results suggest that shoving by the breeding female may have functions other than the
incitement of activity, such as the reproductive suppression of non-breeders.
Received: 17 January 1996 / Accepted after revision: 21 September 1996 相似文献
977.
Satya Narayan H. M. Dani U. K. Misra 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):259-272
Abstract The effect of intracheally administered DDT (5 mg/100 g body weight) or endosulfan (1 mg/100 g body weight) for three cosecutive days have been studied on lipid metabolism of rat lung subcellular fractions. Both the insecticides did not affect the lung weight and the protein contents of microsomes, lamellar bodies and surfactant but significantly increased the phospholipid contents of microsomal and surfactant system. Most of the neutral lipid components of lung subcellular fractions were also increased by DDT or endosulfan treatments, except that of surfactant triglycerides which were decreased by DDT treatment. DDT or endosulfan both increased the incorporation of radioactive [methyl‐3H]choline into microsomal phosphatidylcholine (PC) and surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) without affecting the incorporation of radioactive [methyl‐14C]methionine, showing the increased synthesis of PC via CDPcholine pathway. The results presented in this communication showed that DDT and endosulfan, the two different chloroinsecticides have similar effects on microsomal lipid metabolism but produce different biochemical manifestations on the secretion of surfactant phospholipids. 相似文献
978.
Antonella Soro Manfred Ayasse Marion U. Zobel Robert J. Paxton 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):641-653
The ability to discriminate degrees of relatedness may be expected to evolve if it allows unreciprocated altruism to be preferentially
directed towards kin (Hamilton in J Theor Biol 7:1–16, 1964). We explored the possibility of kin recognition in the primitively eusocial halictid bee Lasioglossum malachurum by investigating the reliability of worker odour cues that can be perceived by workers to act as indicators of either nest
membership or kinship. Cuticular and Dufour’s gland compounds varied significantly among colonies of L. malachurum, providing the potential for nestmate discrimination. A significant, though weak, negative correlation between chemical distance
and genetic relatedness (r = −0.055, p < 0.001) suggests a genetic component to variation in cuticular bouquet, but odour cues were not informative enough to discriminate
between different degrees of relatedness within nests. This pattern of variation was similar for Dufour’s gland bouquets.
The presence of unrelated individuals within nests that are not chemically different from their nestmates suggests that the
discrimination system of L. malachurum is prone to acceptance errors. Compounds produced by colony members are likely combined to generate a gestalt colony chemical
signature such that all nestmates have a similar smell. The correlation between odour cues and nest membership was greater
for perceived compounds than for non-perceived compounds, suggesting that variability in perceived compounds is a result of
positive selection for nestmate recognition despite potentially stabilising selection to reduce variability in odour differences
and thereby to reduce costs derived from excessive intracolony nepotistic behaviour. 相似文献
979.
Honey U. K. Pillai K. A. Jayaraj M. Rafeeq K. J. Jayalakshmi C. Revichandran 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,176(1-4):239-250
The study addresses the distribution and diversity of mesozooplankton near the active volcano-Barren Island (Andaman Sea) in the context of persistent volcanic signature and warm air pool existing for the last few months. Sampling was done from the stations along the west and east side of the volcano up to a depth of 1,000 m during the inter monsoon (April) of 2006. Existence of feeble warm air pool was noticed around the Island (Atm. Temp. 29°C). Sea surface temperature recorded as 29.9°C on the west and 29.6°C on the east side stations. High mesozooplankton biomass was observed in the study area than the earlier reports. High density and biomass observed in the surface layer decreased significantly to the deeper depths. Lack of correlation was observed between mesozooplankton biomass and density with chl. a. Twenty-three mesozooplankton taxa were observed with copepoda as the dominant taxa followed by chaetognatha. The relative abundance of chaetognatha considerably affected the copepod population density in the surface layer. A noticeable feature was the presence of cumaceans, a hyperbenthic fauna in the surface, mixed layer and thermocline layer on the western side station where the volcano discharges in to the sea. The dominant order of copepoda, the calanoida was represented by 52 species belonging to 17 families. The order poecilostomatoida also had a significant contribution. Copepods exhibited a clear difference in their distribution pattern in different depth layers. The families Calanidae and Pontellidae showed a clear dominance in the surface whereas small-sized copepods belonging to the families Clausocalanidae and Paracalanidae were observed as the predominant community in the mixed layer and thermocline layer depth. Families Metridinidae, Augaptilidae and Aetideidae were observed as dominant in deeper layers. 相似文献
980.
A new approach to investigate the interactions between sediment transport and ecotoxicological processes during flood events 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Holger Schüttrumpf Markus Brinkmann Catrina Cofalla Roy M Frings Sabine U Gerbersdorf Markus Hecker Sebastian Hudjetz Ulrike Kammann Gottfried Lennartz Sebastian Roger Andreas Schäffer Henner Hollert 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2011,23(1):1-5