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81.
Maria da Gra?a Madeira Martinho Ana Isabel Silveira Elsa Maria Fernandes Duarte Branco 《Waste management & research》2008,26(5):484-490
This report proposes a new set of guidelines for the characterization of municipal solid waste. It is based on an analysis of reference methodologies, used internationally, and a case study of Valorsul (a company that handles recovery and treatment of solid waste in the North Lisbon Metropolitan Area). In particular, the suggested guidelines present a new definition of the waste to be analysed, change the sampling unit and establish statistical standards for the results obtained. In these new guidelines, the sampling level is the waste collection vehicle and contamination and moisture are taken into consideration. Finally, focus is on the quality of the resulting data, which is essential for comparability of data between countries. These new guidelines may also be applicable outside Portugal because the methodology includes, besides municipal mixed waste, separately collected fractions of municipal waste. They are a response to the need for information concerning Portugal (e.g. Eurostat or OECD inquiries) and follow European Union municipal solid waste management policies (e.g. packaging waste recovery and recycling targets and the reduction of biodegradable waste going to landfill). 相似文献
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83.
Kaluzhnaya OV Belikov SI Schröder HC Rothenberger M Zapf S Kaandorp JA Borejko A Müller IM Müller WE 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(3):128-133
In ancient Lake Baikal (East Siberia), freshwater sponges have diversified to an extraordinary degree. The skeleton of Lubomirskia baicalensis, which attains a size of up to 1 m, is constructed from spicules, which are cemented into longitudinal bundles. Our X-ray analysis revealed that the architecture of the specimens follows a highly ordered radiate accretive growth pattern. The spicules have a central axial canal with an axial filament inside. This organic filament is composed of silicatein, the major enzyme involved in silica formation of the spicules. We found that the specific activity of silicatein in samples from the non-growing (basal) zone is much lower than in those from the growth zone (tips) and that even the composition of this molecule differs in these regions. The present study shows for the first time that the turnover of silicatein, the major element of the axial canal of sponge spicules, changes within a sponge specimen depending on the region in which it is found. 相似文献
84.
Measurements of the variation of the carbon dioxide partial pressure in water were performed up to pCO2 and CO2 using 6.000 ppm. The consistent data so far obtained were compared with calculated pCO2 using the Lynan constants. A plot of the experimental and calculated data evidences that comparisons are only possible by using varying carbonate alkalinity. 相似文献
85.
It has been proposed that blue colouration in eggs has evolved as a signal of female quality that males can use to modulate
their parental investment. This hypothesis is based in the antioxidant properties of biliverdin whose costly deposition in
the eggshell is expected to signal female antioxidant capacity and egg quality. Since maternally derived androgens are costly
to produce and may adaptively affect offspring phenotype, high-quality females may benefit by signalling their androgen investment
through egg colouration. Our aim was to investigate whether egg colour variation in the spotless starling reflected the amount
of pigments on the eggshell and whether egg pigmentation was related to female and egg quality. Chromatography analyses revealed
that spotless starling eggshells contained two different pigments: biliverdin and protoporphyrin IX with no correlation between
them. Biliverdin contents correlated positively with egg colouration indicating that darker eggs with a higher peak in the
blue–green segment of the spectrum contained higher amounts of biliverdin. Eggs containing more biliverdin were laid by high-quality
females and contained higher yolk testosterone levels. However, despite the strong correlation between biliverdin and colorimetric
variables, egg colouration did not reflect accurately female and egg quality. Our results provide evidence that eggshell pigmentation
in the spotless starling is related to female and egg quality as shown by the yolk testosterone levels. However, the lack
of relation between egg colour and female condition and egg quality do not provide evidence to support the signalling function
of egg colouration. 相似文献
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88.
Pablo Resco Ana Iglesias Isabel Bardají Vicente Sotés 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(4):979-993
Our aim was to explore the adaptation choices to climate change in the grapevine regions of Spain from two points of view. First, what are the main reasons for concern? Second, how large is the adaptation effort in each region? We address the first question by measuring sensitivity to climate change with Huglin, Cold Night and Dryness Indices over the entire territory, providing information on the adaptation type (e.g. varieties, zoning, water allocation). We then estimate probabilistic projections across scenario, zone and sensitivity indices in the 56 Protected Designation of Origin areas to inform on the magnitude of the adaptation effort. Second, we propose an adaptation effort measure that is framed according to the local environmental context. Results suggest that most areas urgently need an adaptation plan due to the deterioration of production and quality indices as a result of climate change. Potential opportunities in many climate regions might be limited by current policy. The production objectives of quality and quantity trade-offs will probably need to be revised by analysing the sustainability of grapevine production. 相似文献
89.
Irene Iniesta-Arandia Federica Ravera Stephanie Buechler Isabel Díaz-Reviriego María E. Fernández-Giménez Maureen G. Reed Mary Thompson-Hall Hailey Wilmer Lemlem Aregu Philippa Cohen Houria Djoudi Sarah Lawless Berta Martín-López Thomas Smucker Grace B. Villamor Elizabeth Edna Wangui 《Ambio》2016,45(3):383-393
This synthesis article joins the authors of the special issue “Gender perspectives in resilience, vulnerability and adaptation to global environmental change” in a common reflective dialogue about the main contributions of their papers. In sum, here we reflect on links between gender and feminist approaches to research in adaptation and resilience in global environmental change (GEC). The main theoretical contributions of this special issue are threefold: emphasizing the relevance of power relations in feminist political ecology, bringing the livelihood and intersectionality approaches into GEC, and linking resilience theories and critical feminist research. Empirical insights on key debates in GEC studies are also highlighted from the nine cases analysed, from Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the Pacific. Further, the special issue also contributes to broaden the gender approach in adaptation to GEC by incorporating research sites in the Global North alongside sites from the Global South. This paper examines and compares the main approaches adopted (e.g. qualitative or mixed methods) and the methodological challenges that derive from intersectional perspectives. Finally, key messages for policy agendas and further research are drawn from the common reflection. 相似文献
90.
Bortolotto Ieda Maria Hiane Priscila Aiko Ishii Iria Hiromi de Souza Paulo Robson Campos Raquel Pires Juraci Bastos Gomes Rosane Farias Cariolando da Silva Leme Flávia Maria de Oliveira Arruda Rosani do Carmo de Lima Corrêa da Costa Liana Baptista Damasceno-Junior Geraldo Alves 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(5):1329-1341
Regional Environmental Change - The conservation and use of wild food plants should include local people in the decision-making process, and many countries have done so. However, interacting with... 相似文献