Metal removal studied by a laboratory scale immobilized microalgal reactor

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｓ，ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｔｈｏｓｅｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｆｒｏｍｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｏｆｐｒｉｎｔｅｄｃｉｒｃｕｉｔｂｏａｒｄ（ＰＣＢ）ａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｌａｔｉｎｇｃｏｎ...     

3BER-S工艺用于再生水深度脱氮同步去除PAEs的可行性

为了考察三维电极生物膜硫自养耦合工艺(3BER-S)对再生水进行深度脱氮同步去除邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的可行性,基于3BER-S反应器内已挂膜活性炭填料静态吸附PAEs能力测定和动态反硝化脱氮同步除PAEs运行结果,分析了3BER-S反应器同步脱氮去除PAEs的工艺特性和作用机制.结果表明,挂膜活性炭填料对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)的平均吸附去除率分别为85.84%、97.12%,平衡吸附容量为0.142 6mg·g-1、0.162 mg·g-1,达到吸附饱和的时间分别为120 min、60 min;PAEs对3BER-S反硝化系统脱氮效果影响不明显,加入PAEs前后反应器出水TN的浓度在1~2 mg·L-1之间,TN的平均去除率达到了94%以上;3BER-S反硝化系统对PAEs有较强的去除能力,出水中DBP和DEHP的浓度在0~6μg·L-1范围内、去除率均在96%以上;3BER-S对PAEs的去除是吸附、生物降解和电化学协同作用结果.模拟污水厂二级出水经过3BER-S工艺处理后,DBP和DEHP的浓度满足《城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质标准》(GB/T 19772-2005)所规定的限值.     

丹江口水库调水前后表层沉积物营养盐和重金属时空变化

旨在探明中线工程调水前后(2011~2016年)丹江口水库表层沉积物中营养盐和重金属的时空分布特征和环境风险,对丹江口水库5个典型生态位点表层沉积物中p H值、有机质(OM)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)及铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)这6种金属元素的含量及时空变化特征进行研究,同时采用加拿大淡水水生环境沉积物质量指导值(CCME)为标准来进行潜在生态风险评价.结果表明,丹江口水库表层沉积物中OM、TP和TN含量分别为25.85、0.57和1.34 g·kg~(-1);Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb这6种重金属的含量分别为57.96、521.78、13.91、195.74、0.37和12.92 mg·kg~(-1),6种重金属的含量除Zn和Cd处于土壤环境质量二级标准,其他重金属元素含量均低于土壤环境质量一级标准.TN、Mn和Zn在调水后呈上升趋势,TP及其余重金属元素在调水后呈下降趋势.除p H值外,丹江口水库表层沉积物营养盐和所测重金属含量在生态空间上分布差异均达到极显著水平(P0.01).沉积物中OM除与TN和Pb呈负相关外,与其他指标均呈正相关性.潜在生态风险评价结果显示,丹江口水库表层沉积物中Cd、Cu和Pb均不会对生物产生不良效应;OM、TN、Cr和Zn为低生态风险;TP介于无生态风险与低生态风险之间;但库心和黑鸡嘴点位Cr、Zn和TN在部分时间有较高生态风险,需引起重视.     

Model calculating annual mean atmospheric dispersion factor for coastal site of nuclear power plant

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｗａｓｄｏｎｅｏｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｌｓｉｔｅｏｆｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｗｅｒｐｌａｎｔ (ＮＰＰ)ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｐａｒｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａｄｕｒｉｎｇ 1995— 1996 Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ:ｈｏｕｒｌｙｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｉｎｄａｎｄｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｏｎｔｈｅｔｏｗｅｒｏｆ10 0ｍ ;Ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗｉｎｄａｎｄｓｅｅａｎｄｌ…     

基于MBR不同种泥短程硝化启动的微生物群落结构分析

为明确膜生物反应器(MBR)接种不同污泥启动短程硝化前后微生物群落结构变化特征,采用MBR反应器分别接种硝化污泥(R1)、厌氧亚硝化污泥(R2)和1∶1混合接种厌氧亚硝化污泥和反硝化污泥(R3),获取有利于实现快速短程硝化的污泥源.结果表明,结合间歇曝气和缩短水力停留时间(HRT),R1、R2与R3反应器分别耗时46 d、8 d和30 d成功启动短程硝化,R2反应器启动周期最短.稳定运行期内,R1、R2和R3反应器亚硝累积率平均为92%、93%和94%,R3反应器表现出更稳定的短程硝化性能.ACE、Chao、Shannon和Simpson指数结果表明,稳定运行后,R1和R2反应器微生物丰度和多样性水平均大幅低于接种污泥,R3反应器物种丰度略有减少而多样性水平变化不大.短程硝化成功启动后,3个反应器内的主要菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),且主要脱氮功能菌变形菌门丰度相较于接种污泥均有提高.β-变形菌纲为3个反应器短程硝化系统的优势菌群,分别占比59.6%、63.6%和69.3%.R1、R2和R3反应器内的优势菌属均为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas),所占比例分别达12.8%、20.2%和19.7%.相比R1反应器,R2和R3反应器接种污泥内存在一定比例的亚硝化细菌,更有利于系统短程硝化的实现.     

Mn-Ce/TiO2低温SCR催化剂成型过程添加剂的影响

催化剂成型过程中添加剂的种类和添加量对成型后催化剂的机械强度、成型效果和催化性能有很大影响.本文研究了Mn-Ce/TiO₂催化剂制备过程中添加剂对催化剂的低温脱硝性能和机械性能的影响.结果表明,添加10%的拟薄水铝石作为黏结剂,可使催化剂具有较强的机械强度;添加2.5%的活性炭作为造孔剂,可以有效改善催化剂的孔结构.催化剂成型后脱硝性能下降,反应温度为90℃和120℃时,催化剂的NO_x转化率分别下降了15%和30%左右,当温度到达150℃及以上时,催化剂成型前后的脱硝性能基本一致.最后,通过BET、FT-IR、NH₃-TPD和H₂-TPR表征分析原因：成型后催化剂比表面积和孔容下降,催化剂的表面酸性位点和氧化还原能力下降都会影响催化剂的脱硝性能,所以催化剂成型后低温活性变差.     

Identification of 1-methyloctyl butanoate as the major sex pheromone component from females of the saddle gall midge,Haplodiplosis marginata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

The saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has undergone a resurgence recently as a pest of cereals in Belgium and other European countries. An effective monitoring tool of saddle gall midge flights is needed to understand the enigmatic population dynamics of this pest, and to design an integrated management strategy. Therefore, volatile compounds emitted by females (alkan-2-ols and alk-2-yl butanoates) were identified, and the chirality of the emitted esters was determined to be the R absolute configuration. In field-trapping experiments, racemic non-2-yl butanoate attracted substantial numbers of H. marginata males. Thus, this compound will be useful in baited traps for monitoring seasonal flight patterns, and improving integrated management of the saddle gall midge in agricultural systems.     

Study of gas-water properties under high temperature and pressure for water-soluble gas reservoirs

The physical properties of gas and water are important in usage of gas reservoirs with water and water-soluble gas reservoirs. According to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standards SY/T5542-2009 of the People's Republic of China, by applying the crude oil multistage degassing method from the “Test Method for Reservoir fluid Physical Properties” and the formation water high-pressure property testing method described in the “Theory and Application of Reservoir Fluid Phase”, this investigation employed a Ruska 2370–601A phase analyzer to obtain data regarding gas–water ratios, water volume factors, compressibility coefficients, and densities. The results showed curve trends with changes in the temperature and pressure. The gas–water ratio was compared to the gas content of subsurface samples from the X water-soluble gas reservoir, suggesting that these findings might help in the analysis of water-soluble gas reservoirs.     

Measurements and simulation of forest leaf area index and net primary productivity in Northern China

Large scale process-based modeling is a useful approach to estimate distributions of global net primary productivity (NPP). In this paper, in order to validate an existing NPP model with observed data at site level, field experiments were conducted at three sites in northern China. One site is located in Qilian Mountain in Gansu Province, and the other two sites are in Changbaishan Natural Reserve and Dunhua County in Jilin Province. Detailed field experiments are discussed and field data are used to validate the simulated NPP. Remotely sensed images including Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+, 30 m spatial resolution in visible and near infrared bands) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER, 15m spatial resolution in visible and near infrared bands) are used to derive maps of land cover, leaf area index, and biomass. Based on these maps, field measured data, soil texture and daily meteorological data, NPP of these sites are simulated for year 2001 with the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS). The NPP in these sites ranges from 80 to 800 gCm(-2)a(-1). The observed NPP agrees well with the modeled NPP. This study suggests that BEPS can be used to estimate NPP in northern China if remotely sensed images of high spatial resolution are available.