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21.
Galante-Oliveira S Oliveira I Ferreira N Santos JA Pacheco M Barroso C 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):304-312
Nucella lapillus (dog whelk) imposex levels were assessed along the mainland Portuguese coast in 2006 and 2008 and were compared with available data from 2003 for the same area. Given that specimen size has been described as a factor inducing variation in some of the imposex assessment indices, and thus resulting in less reliable results, new monitoring and data analysis procedures are described and applied to study change of imposex levels from 2003 to 2008. A significant decline in imposex intensity was observed in the study area during the study period, and the Portuguese coast ecological status (under the terms defined by the OSPAR Commission) notably improved after 2003, confirming the effectiveness of the Regulation (EC) No. 782/2003 in reducing TBT pollution. Nevertheless, N. lapillus populations are still extensively affected by imposex, and fresh TBT inputs were detected in seawater throughout the coast in 2006. These recent inputs are attributed to vessels still carrying TBT antifoulants applied before 2003, as their presence in vessels was only forbidden in 2008. Considering that Regulation (EC) No. 782/2003 is an anticipation of the IMO global ban entered into force in September 2008, a worldwide-scale decrease in TBT pollution can be expected in the near future. 相似文献
22.
R. Maurício L. Amaral P. Santos Coelho F. Santana 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):10085-10089
Biofilms are present in several areas and are studied in microbiology, medical sciences, biology and, of course, sanitary engineering. Biofilms are used for the treatment of municipal wastewater, and their application was even before the invention of the activated sludge process. The main objective of this work was to develop a simple, fast and low-cost technique to evaluate the nature of the first decay in the concentration of an organic compound in the presence of a solid material. Though simple, the technique developed has allowed the clarification of whether the initial concentration decay is due to adsorption to the support material or a result of biodegradation. The results show that, with two different support materials, adsorption does not take place, and the biodegradation processes are responsible for the first decay in the organic concentration. The technique used offers a fast and low-cost way of studying the existence of adsorption. Two feed concentration solutions and two different support materials were used. 相似文献
23.
Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) spawning seasonality in European waters of the northeast Atlantic 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yorgos Stratoudakis Stephen Coombs Ana Lago de Lanzós Nicholas Halliday Gersom Costas Bruno Caneco Concha Franco David Conway M. Begoña Santos Alexandra Silva Miguel Bernal 《Marine Biology》2007,152(1):201-212
Egg data from ichthyoplankton monitoring sites in the western English Channel (1988–2003) and northern Spain (1990–2000) and
macroscopic maturity data from biological samples of purse seine landings in western and southern Iberia (1980–2004) are used
to describe the spawning seasonality of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in European waters of the northeast Atlantic using generalised additive models. The fitted models reveal a double peak in
spawning activity during early summer and autumn in the western Channel, a wider spring peak off northern Spain and a broad
winter season in the western and southern Iberian Peninsula. At all sites, a high probability of spawning activity was observed
over at least 3 months of the year, with the duration of the season increasing with both decreasing latitude and increasing
fish size. Off western and southern Iberia there are indications that the spawning season has been of longer duration in recent
years for all size classes (reaching in some cases 8 months of the year for large fish). These patterns are in general agreement
with existing literature and theoretical expectations of sardine spawning being driven locally by the seasonal cycle of water
temperature, assuming preferences for spawning at 14 –15°C and avoidance for temperatures below 12°C and above 16°C. Regional
quotient plots indicated that spawning tolerance to higher temperatures increases progressively with decreasing latitude.
Despite the weak evidence for geographical differences in temperature tolerance that may have some genetic origin, the degree
of spatio-temporal overlap in sardine-spawning activity within Atlantic European waters is unlikely to promote any reproductive
isolation in that area. 相似文献
24.
We give reasons why demographic parameters such as survival and reproduction rates are often modelled well in stochastic population simulation using beta distributions. In practice, it is frequently expected that these parameters will be correlated, for example with survival rates for all age classes tending to be high or low in the same year. We therefore discuss a method for producing correlated beta random variables by transforming correlated normal random variables, and show how it can be applied in practice by means of a simple example. We also note how the same approach can be used to produce correlated uniform, triangular, and exponential random variables. 相似文献
25.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Geochemical modeling has been employed in several fields of science and engineering in recent years. This review seeks to provide an overview of case studies... 相似文献
26.
27.
Thais Cristina de Oliveira Souza Rafael Coll Delgado Iris Cristiane Magistrali Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos Daniel Costa de Carvalho Paulo Eduardo Teodoro Carlos Antônio da Silva Júnior Rodrigo Hotzz Caúla 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(11):688
This study aimed to analyze the spectral trend of vegetation with rainfall in El Niño-Southern Oscillation events (ENSO) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Monthly rainfall data were collected from 85 conventional meteorological stations (EMC), data from the Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2) and ENSO events (El Niño, La Niña, and Neutral) in the period from 2001 to 2013. Afterwards, state cluster analysis was performed using the results of non-parametric tests. The Mann-Kendall (MK) non-parametric test did not identify a trend pattern in rainfall distribution in the Atlantic Forest. The results for EVI2 by state and region showed that the trend is decreasing in the Northeast Region, except for the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco. Southeast region showed an increasing trend of EVI2 (except for Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), while the South region showed a decreasing trend. In the Midwest, the trend was significantly decreasing. In the prognosis elaborated for the future, the regions with significant declines of the vegetation were the Northeast and Midwest. This study shows that the Atlantic Forest in some regions of Brazil has been suffering from the growing urbanization process and there is a trend of soil degradation. 相似文献
28.
S. Guilherme M. A. Santos I. Gaivão M. Pacheco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8730-8739
The assessment of the direct impact of breakdown products of pesticide components on aquatic wildlife is ecotoxicologically relevant, but frequently disregarded. In this context, the evaluation of the genotoxic hazard posed by aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA—the major natural degradation product of glyphosate) to fish emerges as a critical but unexplored issue. Hence, the main goal of the present research was to assess the AMPA genotoxic potential to fish following short-term exposures (1 and 3 days) to environmentally realistic concentrations (11.8 and 23.6 μg L?1), using the comet and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) assays, as reflecting different levels of damage, i.e. DNA and chromosomal damage, respectively. Overall, the present findings pointed out the genotoxic hazard of AMPA to fish and, subsequently, the importance of including it in future studies concerning the risk assessment of glyphosate-based herbicides in the water systems. 相似文献
29.
Amado LL Rosa CE Castro MR Votto AP Santos LC Marins LF Trindade GS Fraga DS Damé RC Barros DM Geracitano LA Bianchini A de la Torre FR Monserrat JM 《Chemosphere》2011,82(11):1563-1570
This study analyzed water quality in regions around Patos lagoon (Southern Brazil) that are under anthropogenic pressure. Water samples were collected from five different sites, including one used as a source for human consumption (COR) and others known to be influenced by human activities (IP). Danio rerio (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) organisms were exposed for 24 h to these water samples, plus a control group. It was observed that: (1) reactive oxygen species levels were lower in COR and IP than in the control group; (2) glutamate-cysteine ligase (catalytic subunit) expression was higher in COR than in other sites; (3) exposure to all water samples affected long-term memory (LTM) when compared to control group. Thus, some water samples possess the ability to modulate the antioxidant system and to induce a decline in cognitive functions, as measured by LTM. The obtained results indicate that a combination of variables of different organization level (molecular, biochemical and behavioral) can be employed to analyze water quality in impacted regions. 相似文献
30.
J.M. Santos I. Mavroidis N.C. Reis Jr. E.C. Pagel 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2011,45(36):6534-6545
Tracer gas was released upwind of a two-compartment complex shaped building under unstable atmospheric conditions. The mean wind direction was normal to or at 45° to the long face of the building. The general patterns of concentration distribution on the building external walls and inside the building were analysed and the influence of natural and mechanical ventilation on indoor concentration distributions was discussed. Mean concentration levels, as well as the concentration fluctuation intensity, were higher on the windward walls of the building, although concentration levels varied along each wall. Concentration fluctuations measured inside the building were lower than those measured outside. Inside the two compartments of the building, the time series of concentrations had a similar general behaviour; however, gas concentrations took approximately 1.5 times longer to reach the mean maximum concentration value at the downwind compartment 02 while they also decreased more rapidly in the upwind compartment 01 after the source was turned off. The highest indoor concentration and concentration fluctuation values were observed at the detectors located close to the windward walls, especially when the building windows were open. Experiments with and without natural ventilation suggested that infiltration and exfiltration of contaminants is much faster when the building windows are open, resulting to higher indoor concentration levels. Furthermore, mechanical ventilation tends to homogenize concentrations and suppress concentration fluctuations, leading to lower maximum concentration values. 相似文献